> There's also plenty of "upon the"s and "x-in-y" (ie: Henly-in-Arden).
These are common in many languages.
Even in England: Weston-super-Mare is just latin for "Weston by (literally "over") the sea".
And constructs like "Stratford-upon-Avon" (to disambiguate from other Stratfords) are pretty common in most places; consider "Frankfurt am Main" and "Frankfurt an der Oder" all of which specify that their town is the one on this specific river.
Also a lot of those European place names (ignoring the prepositional affixes) are themselves compounds of other nice properties.
I don't know why this construct is uncommon in the USA.
Yup. There are plenty of them in Italy, we don't use dashes but there are various towns with generic prefixes and suffixes. Reggio Emilia and Reggio Calabria were just "regium", Latin for region or town, and at some point they gained the extra name (which refers to the wider area) to differentiate them. Near my hometown we have Casalecchio di Reno, which means "bunch of houses over the river Reno"; there are loads of river-denominated towns all over Italy. And there are loads of "Castello Something", since castello means castle or castrum - as you might imagine, there are quite a few of those across the country.
Reggio Calabria Italian name comes from the Greek name Rhegion.
It was founded by Greek colonists pretty much at the same time as the foundation of Rome. Reggio Emilia name comes from the Latin regium.
There's Manchester-by-the-Sea, MA. There's also a lot of "New" versions of older European locations as a way to distinguish them from other similarly named places when there aren't any rivers nearby, I guess, like New Jersey. Don't forget, a lot of places in the US were also already named before European settlers arrived.
It might also simply not be needed as a matter of practicality. There are many Springfields, but probably not very many per state (although I know New Jersey has two) and certainly a max of one per zipcode. Sure Springfield, MA 12345 isn't as whimsical as Springfield-upon-the-Connecticut (or whatever) in terms of distinguishing it from Springfield, NJ 08765, but it gets the job done.
It's worth noting, though, that Manchester MA was renamed 30 years ago to sound quaintly affluent -- in pointed contrast to the working-class mill town of Manchester NH, just over the border.
Ah, that explains why I’d never heard of the Massachusetts town before the film came out (and was surprised to see it on the map) — it didn’t exist (by that name) when I was in school there.
> There's also a lot of "New" versions of older European locations as a way to distinguish them from other similarly named places when there aren't any rivers nearby, I guess
A whole lot of those “New” places (unsurprisingly, given patterns of human habitation more generally) have rivers nearby.
> There's Manchester-by-the-Sea, MA.
And Cardiff by the Sea, Carmel-by-the-Sea, and Corona del Mar, CA.
The "New" towns in the US make some sense in that they mean "Our" town of that name. Here in the UK we have towns like Newcastle where the newness has lost its novelty after a 1000 years.
> I don't know why this construct is uncommon in the USA.
In the US we use a comma. Buffalo, NY - as opposed to Buffalo in any other state. (MN, TX, and WI each have a city of buffalo - perhaps more, that is where I stopped searching). States in the US tend to be very careful about not allowing duplication of names so this is enough for the most part.
"Springfield is a famously common place-name in the English-speaking world, especially in the United States. According to the U.S. Geological Survey there are currently 33 populated places named Springfield in 25 U.S. states throughout the United States,[1] including five in Wisconsin; additionally, there are at least 36 Springfield Townships, including 11 in Ohio. Database studies reveal that there are several more common U.S. place-names than Springfield, including Fairview and Midway."
> States in the US tend to be very careful about not allowing duplication of names so this is enough for the most part.
True, although if you include unincorporated towns, there are a lot of naming conflicts, at least in my home state of Indiana.
Marion, for example, is the name of a small city an hour from Marion County, the central county that encompasses Indianapolis, and also the name of a small unincorporated community an hour in a different direction.
Plus Marian University is in Marion County, not Marion the city, although unlike Harvard, MA vs Harvard University, I doubt that causes much confusion.
One example in Bernese Oberland I like: There's a ski resort Lenk. People say they live «in the Lenk» or they travel «to the Lenk». In German you have to know that the genus of «Lenk» is femimine and use the dative or the accusative: «in der Lenk» or «zur Lenk».
That's very weird but even to me omitting the article and preposition sounds wrong. By the way «to the» is contracted from the long for «zu der» to «zur».
Compared to «Frankfurt am Main» there's no specification of a river or something else. It's just the location name where the article and preposition is often required.
It's the same with some countries' names. Switzerland always has a female article in German: you can spend your vacation in France ("in Frankreich") but Switzerland requires an article ("in der Schweiz"). Same with Iran and Iraq, which always require a male article, and some plural countries (Netherlands, US). Note that the full list is quite a bit longer: https://deutschtraining.org/deutsche-grammatik/artikel/laend...
Typically the origin of such toponyms is in abbreviation of a designator (as happened for example with den Haag, where the full name is still survives in official documents), rather than proper noun, where the abbreviation becomes a proper noun.
In English this rarely survives except for odd cases such as The City of London (which is a small, legally distinct entity from what most people refer to as London). English is happy to drop articles when they don't reduce ambiguity, hence countries (Austria, Scotland, but retained in the descriptive name The United States of America) or Bend, Oregon (a case similar to Lenk).
Does it? "Upon the sea" would be 海上, not 上海. 上海 would have 上 as a verb, something more like "get onto the sea".
上 preceding the name might also be interpreted as "upper", as in 上卷 "Volume 1 (of 2)" / 下卷 "Volume 2 (of 2)". Is there a paired 下海 attested somewhere?
(Chinese place names involving some kind of spatial relationship are extremely common. But note that they all use normal grammar: 关中 "within (中) the pass (关)" / 关外 "outside (外) the pass"; 山西 "west (西) of the mountain (山) / 山东 "east (东) of the mountain"; 湖北 "north (北) of the lake (湖) / 湖南 "south (南) of the lake"; etc. etc. etc. etc.)
Middle English was closer to French than modern English in many ways-English monarchs still spent time in Normandy and claimed the French crown for generations after William the Conqueror.
Can you provide some citations for locative prepositions appearing before their nouns? I am not widely read in classical Chinese, but all the examples I've turned up have used the normal order.
e.g. 孟子 1A/3 河內凶，則移其民於河東，移其粟於河內 (strongly suggesting that the current naming practices were also current 2200 years ago); 庄子 秋水 13 我知之濠上也 (ordinary positioning).
You're totally right, I was confusing modifiers with Chinese's general looseness towards word class, a tendency even more pronounced in Classical Chinese [1]. That means what looks like modifier/preposition could be functioning as a verb instead.
So my mother-in-law just said '上海不在海上', i.e. 海上 is closer to the literal meaning of 'on top of the ocean (physically)', which the city is not.
Perhaps 上 here acts as a verb or gerund ((going up / on the way) to the ocean)? 下海 means 'going (down) to the ocean'.
The rabbit hole here can get deep (and thanks for drawing me in!), this book [2] goes in-depth about how word class and word order influenced one another as Chinese developed.
> Perhaps 上 here acts as a verb or gerund ((going up / on the way) to the ocean)? 下海 means 'going (down) to the ocean'.
This is possible, but I don't think it's a coincidence that the normal way to express that is 下海. The ocean is pretty much by definition both "down"stream and downhill of everything; approaching the ocean by going up is semantically unnatural. My guess above of "get onto the ocean" (i.e. "set sail") was drawing a parallel to 上路 "get on the road" / "start traveling".
> 海上 is closer to the literal meaning of 'on top of the ocean (physically)', which the city is not.
I don't see this as a huge obstacle; "upon the sea" has the same literal meaning but isn't surprising in an English place name, though "by the sea", with the correct literal meaning, isn't surprising either.
New York has quite a few on-river names: Annandale-, Castleton-, Croton-, Hastings-, and Grand View-on-Hudson - maybe a legacy of the era in which the state was colonized.
In England years ago we would visit Weston-under-Lizard (the town of Weston in the shadow of the hill Lizard — https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weston-under-Lizard). That’s my favorite name of this type.
I always thought Quebec was an odd name for a village located in County Durham. Pretty sure there's a California near Crook, too. Muggleswick near Consett is a good one.
And then over in Northumberland there's Once Brewed, Twice Brewed, Snodgrass.
If you're interested, Wye comes from the name of the river, which means either to wander, or crooked hills. Either seem relevant given the strange way that the river wye goes from wide, slow meandering bends across floodplains into rapids through steep crooked valleys (as opposed to most rivers that start in mountains and end in floodplains.)
Monmouth is at the mouth of the river Monnow, a tributary of the Wye.
The River Monnow derives its name from the Welsh (Cymraeg, Myn-wy) and translates to "swift water". (myn means swift, and wy is one of the many Welsh words for water).
The name Tintern may derive from the Welsh din + d/teyrn, meaning "rocks of the king".
A friend and I visited Wales during college and ran across Tintern Abbey quite by accident. We rented a car in London, and embarked on a drive from there to Oxford. We found a place to stay somewhere between Oxford and Tintern (not sure exactly where). Early the next day we got back on the road, and suddenly we beheld emerging out of the gloomy mist a majestic but decrepit building obviously of centuries-old origin. We inquired and learned its name: Tintern Abbey. The pictures at the bottom of the medievalheritage.eu link are what I remember seeing.
Understanding common place name elements helps a lot with reconstructing the history of places in the UK. As per [0], -ham, -ing, -ton, are old English, -by, -thorpe and others are Norse/Vikings. We've also had hundreds of years for the original names to change in spelling and pronunciation. Especially the French-derived ones.
I have to say that one of the small joys of doing geography A-level in England was finding the silly names on the detailed Ordnance Survey maps. There was always one or two that enlivened the dullest lessons on geomorphology, road networks, etc. I still find a lot of humour in these placenames. Exhibit A: Piddletrenthide [1] is one close to me, quite close to Tolpuddle. It's my belief from local knowledge that Piddletrenthide is pronounced with two hard 't's, i.e. Piddle - Trent - Hide. Perhaps if there are HN'ers from Piddletrenthide here, they can correct me.
It also has some great rock climbing along the same part of the wye, a mere ~100 meters at most if you go to wintours leap but you get some of the most beautiful views. My favorite spot for local summer trad climbing.
I've always liked that some houses in the UK have names rather than street numbers. Our Christmas card list includes "Sunnydale", "Lane Ends", and "The Old Rectory". The Royal mail computers must be pretty quirky indeed.
The postal system runs on post codes. It's a 5-8 letter code that usually identifies 1-20 ish addresses. You usually only need a door number and and a postcode to uniquely identify an address. There is free reverse look up as well.
Naming is one thing but how do you deal with “Number 1 London” as an address? Can’t even google it unless you know the full thing and use quotes. Supposedly still works...
This is common in Russian as well. See Rostov-na-Donu (Rostov-on-Don, Rostov on the Don River), Komsomolsk-na-Amur (Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Komsomolsk on the Amur river)...
Well for one thing it didn't seem to transfer over to North America when the Brits (and French, etc) were naming towns and cities here in Canada, and the US...where I grew up. It's like a legacy thing.
It seems they were more likely to stick to singular words here in NA when naming regions. So it's interesting to me? Is that taboo or something?
I think you guys are taking "weird" a bit too literally, I don't mean it in a negative way.
If it was common here in Canada then I wouldn't find it 'weird' or unusual would I? And I can assure you it's not very common. Even if there are exceptions.
Regardless that was not what the Brits (or whichever Euro empire) chose to eventually name Milwaukee, they chose Milwaukee. So that's a poor counterpoint...
I chose that example precisely because both of them are in the language of the former natives, now barely spoken in the area, and not in the language of the empire that conquered it. ;)
In the US, specifying the state seems to serve the same purpose of avoiding confusion. "Springfield, MA" and "Springfield, IL", as opposed to "Springfield-upon-Connecticut" and "Springfield-on-the-Lake".
I love Tintern Abbey [0]... When you're peacefully driving down the Wye Valley (say, after visiting Puzzlewood [1]), enjoying the green scenery and cosy little villages along the river, the last thing you expect are the colossal ruins of a medieval church... <3
Agreed. I used to drop my son up to Hereford from Bristol and often took this scenic route. It’s an absolutely beautiful road with great scenery. When you come around the corner and get hit by the sight and sheer size of the ruined church especially when there’s a bit of mist with the sun streaming through it it’s almost a mystical experience.
Favourite place name near here? Nempnett Thrubwell. Or Chew Magna. Great names.
Nice to learn I wasn't the only one to be suddenly surprised by the appearance of the Abbey out of the gloomy mist. See my comment elsewhere about my trip to Oxford where I came across it quite by accident. The other impression that stuck with me is how rural the area is which contrasts quite sharply with the size, intricacy and complexity of the Abbey's construction.
That was by design: From the wikipedia page: The monks that built it were "considered the strictest of the monastic orders, they laid down requirements for the construction of their abbeys, stipulating that "none of our houses is to be built in cities, in castles or villages; but in places remote from the conversation of men."
It's funny that this showed up at HN, but I'm personally interested because one of my ancestors, Aoife MacMurrough, was buried at Tintern Abbey. Her daughter and son-in-law, Isabel de Clare and William Marshal, were big time patrons of the abbey. If you're ever in Eastern Wales, the ruins are a pretty spot to visit.
It's extremely rad that you can trace your ancestry back 1000 years. I guess I don't have much else to add besides that, but I'm someone whose knowledge of their ancestry stops 2 generations up so I'm kind of in awe by that fact. 1000 years!
The trick is that we all have thousands of ancestors, and if you luck upon one thread that connects you to the aristocracy, their genealogical records are more complete than common people. That's why, after a few generations, people only know the really fancy people they're descended from.
I collect TinTin commics in different languages, out of this fantasy that attempting to read them is going to teach me those languages (I mean, it can't hurt, right?). And I was completely blown away that Snowy has a different name in most of the different versions (most of the time, it's some variation of the translation of "chalky"), but Cpt Haddock is always "Haddock".
Haddock's curses are also great. Mille sabords! That's "blistering barnacles" to you anglophones. It actually means "a thousand portholes" which would not sound very impressive coming from somebody other than Captain Haddock.
Yes, it looked like a culvert, I thought the mention of a nearby parallel water stream was trying to intimate a relationship. Perhaps someone built a culvert but it got blocked and the stream diverted away?
They're auto-generated on every article, and are a guaranteed ad impression - basically no downsides. People seem to enjoy getting their info spoonfed in slow videos nowadays(not like I'm any better, kept watching till the end as well.)
If you look around modern news sites, you'll notice that everyone does it now.
> Tintern, in the Wye Valley, Monmouthshire
There's also plenty of "upon the"s and "x-in-y" (ie: Henly-in-Arden). Not just the England but seems just as common in Scotland, or even more common.
I can imagine the early computer systems of the postal organization having to deal with these quirks.
[1] apparently "weird" is being taken as bad or something. I like weird.