You wouldn't be able to get some very basic English sounds with only the Arabic letters used to write Arabic. (For example, /v/, /p/, and the distinction between /dʒ/ and /g/.) But the Arabic script has been used to write a whole lot of languages (some of them completely unrelated to Arabic)
One example in the Arabic script is the letter pe (پ), which is very basic in Persian (an Indo-European language written with the Arabic script) but doesn't occur in the original Arabic alphabet.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_script#Languages_curren...
and sometimes by adding additional letters or reinterpreting letters to represent phonemes that Arabic doesn't have
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_script#Special_letters
It's much like the way the Hebrew alphabet was modified to write Yiddish (a Germanic language), including the addition of new letters
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yiddish_orthography#The_Yiddis...
One example in the Arabic script is the letter pe (پ), which is very basic in Persian (an Indo-European language written with the Arabic script) but doesn't occur in the original Arabic alphabet.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe_%28Persian_letter%29
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_alphabet#Changes_from_...