Does Arabic have a similar enough set of phonemes to English to be able to write English using the Arabic script? Not that it's a particularly useful thing to do in of itself, but the script itself is beautiful, and I'd be interested to play with it.
You wouldn't be able to get some very basic English sounds with only the Arabic letters used to write Arabic. (For example, /v/, /p/, and the distinction between /dʒ/ and /g/.) But the Arabic script has been used to write a whole lot of languages (some of them completely unrelated to Arabic)
One example in the Arabic script is the letter pe (پ), which is very basic in Persian (an Indo-European language written with the Arabic script) but doesn't occur in the original Arabic alphabet.
Theoretically, Arabic no but Persian yes. I can say with confidence that Persian have phonemes such as /v/, /p/, and the clear distinction between /j/ and /g/ because you might find this funny that Standard Arabic doesn't have a /g/ phoneme but in other derivative variations like Egyptian, Yemeni, Omani, it's featured prominently, and when they like to denote that, they esp. Levantine people usually resort to write it as غ like in «Google غوغل» which is the equivalent of the Parisian /r/, which is in my opinion it's still wrong, very wrong actually.
It's safer for you to go with Persian other than Arab if the existence of these equivalent phonemes is a priority for you.
Yes you can you'll have to use an extended version of the alphabet (the characters that have 3 dots on them) and you'll also be kinda forced to use diacritics
