Differs from country to country. In DE, salaried employees still have a number of hours/week in their contract (usually ~38) and are expected to log overtime and later take time in lieu. Max. permissible work hours per week is 48.
There are a bunch of exceptions for specific jobs.
The working hours, comp+ben etc. are usually determined by collective agreement with unions.
Pay for the same job can vary dramatically depending on which union your employer has a collective agreement with.
I know several people who got 25-30% pay rises just by moving to another part of the company that had an agreement with IG Metall instead of ver.di.
Go read the article again. I think you'll be pleasantly surprised.