Interesting read.
I once wondered what would be the contribution to atmospheric heat of the combustion of cigarettes, and waved it as probably insignificant.
A quick googling suggests burning a cigarette releases 7.8 J/mg of tobacco[1], that a cigarette weighs around 1 g, and that about 5 trillions (5e12) cigarettes are smoked annually [2].
This amounts to 3.9e16 J, or, averaged over one year, 1.2e9 W; corresponding to the total US energy consumption around 1730, according to the figure in parent's link.
Insignificant today, but not a few centuries back.
I grew up in New England and currently live in Denver, but have traveled to over 20 countries and lived in both Italy and Croatia. Europe is a very broad statement so maybe you are talking about some outliers, but roads are not rare nor are they limited to main arteries in any of the locations I traveled.
Is public transportation better than most places I’ve been in the US? Without a doubt - it’s not even close. But roads are just as relevant.
Same here. I dropped meat more because of being a "billions of living creatures living miserable, short lives before being slaughtered" anti-fan, but the GHG impacts are a nice side effect. Damn do I miss meat, though.
That would be 49!/(43!6!) = 13983816 combinations. So, on average, you need to play 13983816 times before your first win (geometric distribution). At one game a day, that's nearly 40000 years.
No, a Megawatt-year (MWyr) is a measure of energy. A Megawatt per year (MW/yr) is not. It's the difference between multiplication and division.
From Wikipedia:
"Misuse of watts per hour
Many compound units for various kinds of rates explicitly mention units of time to indicate a change over time. For example: miles per hour, kilometres per hour, dollars per hour. Power units, such as kW, already measure the rate of energy per unit time (kW=kJ/s). Kilowatt-hours are a product of power and time, not a rate of change of power with time.
Watts per hour (W/h) is a unit of a change of power per hour, i.e. an acceleration in the delivery of energy. It is used to measure the daily variation of demand (e.g. the slope of the duck curve), or ramp-up behavior of power plants. For example, a power plant that reaches a power output of 1 MW from 0 MW in 15 minutes has a ramp-up rate of 4 MW/h.
Other uses of terms such as watts per hour are likely to be errors."
And the local variations. In NZ the bulk of "e"s in words like pen, ten, etc. are often pronounced as "i"s, like in pin or tin. Took me a while to get used to it.
That's fallacious. Cows, pigs, sheep, turkeys, all existed before being farmed. And still exist in the while. Probably not on the scale of the 60 billions land animals slaughtered each year, though.
Domesticated farm animals are far enough removed from their wild cousins to be their own species. They have been selectively bred over millenia for traits that make them easy to exploit for humans. Most of those traits work against them in the wild.
This is what I'm saying - those 60 billion won't exist. Yes, wild animals, so much as they exist now, will continue to do so, but that's not really relevant.
How is it not relevant. If we stopped breeding animals that doesn’t magically mean that we go back in time 60 billions years and kill every species of farm animal that had existed in that time.
