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Show HN: A paperless 401k with automated advising built-in (captain401.com)
83 points by psawaya on July 9, 2015 | hide | past | favorite | 63 comments



My cofounder (hn:roger_lee) and I started working on Captain401 because we both had bad experiences with 401k accounts. As an employer, he kept putting off setting one up because of the time and cost involved. As an employee, I became frustrated by the archaic web interface my Fidelity plan had, and felt overwhelmed by the task of choosing investments.

Captain401 is designed to make both sides of the 401k experience as pleasant as possible. We offer paperless administration to employers and automatic ("robo") advising to employees. We hope a tool like this will bring retirement savings to startups that had previously considered themselves too small or too busy for a 401k.

We're especially interested in hearing from HNers who run their own business: have you set up a 401k plan for your employees?


Quick question: How long do you see yourselves operating Captain401?

The photos on the website make you guys look pretty young and if I were an employer I'd be nervous that --like many start-ups-- one day out of the blue I'd get an email saying Captain401 is closing. Not that youth means the start-up is doomed, just that you may want to move on to try something else. I'm sure your plans can roll over easy enough, but that just means I'll have to deal with Fidelity/Vanguard/etc anyway.


I have to agree. Why showing the team works for a lot of startups, I don't think it works that well in fintech when dealing with other people's money. Especially when founders look young/list 0 financial experience.


That's a good question, and we want to make it clear that we don't touch any of the employee's money -- all investments are held in an SIPC-insured secure trust account by one of the nation's largest third party custodians that deals with billions of dollars. And no matter what happens to us as a company, our customers will be able to continue to use the 401k plans we've set up for them.

That said, we do think youth has its advantages, esp. in a stodgy industry like finance -- some of most exciting fintech companies were started by young founders (ex. Stripe, Betterment, etc.).

The last startup I co-founded, I was at for 7 years. I plan to be at this one for 10+.


I would make that more clear on the site. If there's anything I don't want my 401k to be "exciting".


So you are both the record keeper and RIA on the plans? Or do you use a third party record keeper?


We use a third party recordkeeper.


Can I possible ask what recordkeeper? I've been looking for one with good API access.

Thanks.


As a user receiving advice from your robo advisors, what guarantees do you provide that the advice I receive is sound and that following the advice will result in my retirement goals being met?


Our advice is based off decades of Nobel Prize-winning academic research on best practices for long-term investing.. And as an SEC registered investment advisor, we serve as a fiduciary to the 401k plan and avoid all conflicts of interest. Unfortunately, the same can't be said about how the 401k industry operates today: http://abcnews.go.com/Business/401k-conflicts-hurt-nest-egg/...


Hi Roger, some not so easy questions if I may?

What does this mean, that the robo advisor is based off of decades of Nobel Prize winning research? Eg - Long Term Capital Management had Nobel Prize winning Laureates guiding its investment strategy and it went bust in the late 90's as its models broke down due to market conditions outside the realm of its models.

Also - how does your fiduciary duty obligation jive with your robo advisor, which I assume is an automated process? Are you manually checking each bit of advice it suggests as part of due diligence requirements? And what happens if it has bugs? Eg, if I'm a risk averse investor but your robo advisor had some buggy code and recommends I put 90% of my portfolio into emerging market equities, and I follow this erroneous advice and lose most of my investment, what recourse do I have against your company? Do you guarantee lost capital due to clearly wrong advice, or do I have to take you to court? Just curious how you are planning to deal with this type of situation, because at some point it's likely to happen (but maybe not as obvious as this example).

Also your link appears to be more of an opinion piece than purely factual statement on 401k advisors.


Nobel prize winning academic research is awful in the finance space. It's based on flawed assumptions and it's results are completely useless. Either a) the person claiming this is aware and effectively lying, or b) don't know this and aren't competent.


I agree, most of the time... perhaps start with an understanding of how models break by reading "Black Swan" and "The Misbehaviour of Markets".


Hi, if you are serious about this project I humbly suggest looking at life time cash flow modelling and stochastic modelling.


Can you share screenshots of what the administration UI looks like?


This looks really nice. Probably revealing my inexperience, but I have to wonder: is it possible for an employee to set up their own 401k account, and then have the employer donate to that account? Or is it only ever possible to get a 401k through an employer. It seems weird to me that something so tied to a single person (the 401k account) is provided again and again by different employers. If you work multiple places, do you end up with multiple 401k accounts? Is there some easy process to merge them all?

Never been able to find this information online, figured I'd ask in this thread, but apologies if this is all blindingly obvious. Would be happy to RTFM if someone could point me to the M.


Here's some basic info: https://www.fidelity.com/retirement-planning/learn-about-ira...

Everywhere I've worked so far has both let me keep the existing account if I wanted when I left, and then also provided the option to rollover an old account into the new plan. Basically you fill out a form, send it to whoever the old account was with, and then get a check you can deposit in the new account through your new employer (or maybe the last step is electronic? I forget if I had to drop off a paper check at my current employer when I rolled over my old account). I generally do this, though I suppose I should look at fees and stuff in the future before just doing it blindly for convenience's sake of having everything in one place.


The dependence of 401k plans on companies might be an artifact of their genesis: 401k plans are designed to replace the "pension plans" of yore; as such, they are heavily regulated and each 401k is different. I've been told the legal documentation required for a 401k plan runs to the thousands of pages. Companies also want to manage the plans because, while supposedly cheaper to the company than pension plans, it still can affect their bottom line.


Just curious, why do you say they're supposedly cheaper than pensions? I don't have a lot of knowledge about how they're managed, but I can't imagine that much disparity in administrative fees.

And on the larger view, pensions represent a liability (I promise to pay Joe Sixpack 40% of his salary after ten years of service, some of which he will contribute to), while 401(k)s represent no liability at all. Work for the company 40 years and your 401(k) won't cover your retirement? Too bad. Should have contributed more or invested better; the company doesn't owe you anything. Or, for another example, if Joe lives to be 100 and he only planned for 76, that's a major problem with a 401(k), but a pension would still have to pay out, and it would be on the company's dime.

In addition, at least in my experience, company contributions to 401(k)s tend to be small and decreasing (for example, my company contributes a maximum of 3%, paid once a year) over time, and you have the additional complexity that vesting introduces, where (at least as I understand it), they can take it back if you quit roll your 401(k) over somewhere else.

So I'm not sure under what circumstances a 401(k) could ever not be cheaper. Are there some?


In addition, at least in my experience, company contributions to 401(k)s tend to be small and decreasing

Random change of subject, but did you ever wonder why some companies match 401(k) contributions? Or automatically give you a small contribution regardless if you decided to contribute yourself?

It's because 401(k) contributions for highly compensated employees (HCEs) are at risk of not getting the tax deferral unless the 401(k) plan meets a bunch of metrics including participation, etc.[1]

And you thought they were doing it out of the goodness of their hearts! ;)

[1] https://blog.personalcapital.com/retirement-planning/seeking...


> 401k plans are designed to replace the "pension plans" of yore

That's actually not really true. The 401(k) was an obscure provision in the Revenue Act of 1978 and it wasn't until two years later that Ted Benna realized it could be used as a loophole to set up an employer-matched retirement plan: http://www.learnvest.com/knowledge-center/your-401k-when-it-... It wasn't designed to be used this way, and that's not what the IRS had in mind when they originally drafted the rules.

Companies love them because they're cheaper than a pension plan, and crucially, they transfer all the risk and responsibility onto individual employees and away from the company.


Frankly, seeing in the 80s and 90s how pensions are counted as liabilities on the company's balance sheet and can be wiped away in an engineered bankruptcy, I'm quite happy transfer the risk away from the company.


That's a great question, and I'm sure you're not the only one that's confused. 401k's can only be offered by the employer, so an employee isn't able to set one up on their own. That's why we want to make it really easy for companies to get a 401k, so that we can expand people's access to them and help them save for retirement and get the tax benefits.

You do indeed have the option to merge multiple 401k accounts together after you leave your job.


From: http://www.forbes.com/sites/maggiemcgrath/2015/05/15/what-th...

"Only about half of American workers have access to a 401k, which is a workplace savings plan that lets employees invest a portion of their paycheck before taxes are taken out. The savings can grow tax free until retirement, at which point withdrawals will be taxed as ordinary income. A large majority of employers will match an employee’s contribution – up to a point – thereby boosting the employee’s savings rate."


It drives me insane that we haven't decoupled retirement accounts from employment as we're starting to with healthcare.

Solo 401k? 401k? Roth 401k? IRA? Roth IRA? SEP IRA? SIMPLE IRA?

FFS, just create legislation for two types of retirement accounts, pre-tax and post tax. Restrict by total yearly contribution between all accounts, with another limit for employer contribution. Setup contributions from both employee and employer with ACH routing and account numbers. Problem solved.


Unfortunately, my healthcare options are still tightly coupled to my employment.


My startup offers poor healthcare choices; I went straight to the federal exchange. $500/month for two adults in their early 30s, excellent deductible/copays (no subsidies of course on a tech salary). Have you checked if this is a possibility?


I pay less than what I'd get on the federal exchange (employer subsidizes), but the service sucks. I wish employers would allow you more freedom in choosing an insurance company, but still subsidize your healthcare costs, whoever you choose to do business with.


Thanks for the stat. Expanding access to 401ks is definitely a goal of ours.


Do you plan to support Individual 401ks for self-employed persons?


Yes, please contact us. https://captain401.com/join


I always wondered why my brokerage account felt so modern (Wealthfront), but my 401k feels like it's from the stone age. Makes complete sense.

Do all employees have to use the automatic advising, or can they invest independently if they want?


No, employees can opt-out and make trades as they wish. We add extra fund options to each plan to make sure that this is possible.

That said, we've found that most 401k users don't want to bother with analyzing and choosing between dozens of confusingly-named funds. They're much happier (and better off financially) with a solution that automatically gives them a globally diversified, low-cost, regularly-rebalanced portfolio without doing any of the work.


That said, why do you think your robo advisors will be better at this than Vanguard's target retirement funds?


For 401k plans that have access to Vanguard's target date funds, they can be a decent choice. Unfortunately, the majority of 401k's don't even offer Vanguard as an option -- instead, employees are stuck with high-fee mutual funds because they give kickbacks to the 401k company.

That said, employees using our investment advice get additional diversification (6-7 asset classes), as well as a more personalized recommendation that takes into account not just your age, but also your risk tolerance, financial situation, other investments, etc. We think that's better than a one-size-fits-all fund.


Guess my wife and I have been lucky. My 401ks have always offered good funds, and hers is actually managed by Vanguard.


Could save big companies a lot of time educating their employees about 401k and on-boarding them to the plan. It could actually take away the role of an HR generalist who is always shuffling employee docs around. Very cool--looking forward to using you guys when my company offers a 401k.


That's definitely the future.

I work for a company whose major goal is to make that job disappear, and do most employee onboarding and other annoying HR documents tasks online, mostly automatically.

We do payroll, and integrate with various healthcare and retirement providers as our customers need.

So far it's worked out really, really well.


Good luck.

I had been telling my soon-to-be-former firm create something like this forever!


Thanks! What sort of firm is it?


401(k) provider


This looks really interesting. How does this compare to Honest Dollar (http://www.honestdollar.com/)?


Honest Dollar has a great retirement mission as well, but their accounts are structured as a SIMPLE IRA's, which are different from regular 401k's (SIMPLE IRA's have a lower contribution limit and require the company to match)


Does this connect to Zenefits? That would be awesome.


Yes! We work seamlessly with Zenefits (you'd simply add us as an external administrator).


Awesome - right now it looks like you are beating the other small business 401k provider that I know of (theonline401k) which i think charges around 525/quarter+4 per employee on it.

Are you 100% managed investments? Or can an employee opt to pick their own investments? Do you have access to the admiral funds and are you allowing the company to chose which funds are available?


Nope, an employee can certainly opt to pick their own investments! Though we've found that the vast majority of employees don't want to bother with choosing funds and doing the work of managing and rebalancing their 401k accounts themselves.

Yes, we have access to Vanguard's lower-fee admiral funds. Companies can pick which funds they want in their 401k plan, although most choose a standard lineup of Vanguard index funds that spans across all the major asset classes and risk categories.


What's a good way to get in touch with you? Would like to talk a bit more about possibly switching our stuff over to you, my email is in my profile or let me know what is the best way to get in touch.


I couldn't find your email address, but please get in touch on https://captain401.com/join


How does this compare to Ubiquity [1] which also seems to target smaller companies with a paperless 401k system?

[1] https://www.myubiquity.com/


Hopefully they're more competent. I've had bad experiences with Ubiquity. Deposits going to the wrong accounts, rollovers initiated without permission, discrepancies in the website.


Congrats psawaya on the launch! Can't wait to use it in the future : )


Thanks Rangel! :)


This is very cool. Looking forward to trying it out.


What 3rd party recordkeeper are you using?

Do you use the recordkeeper's websites or have you built your own?


How much does Captain401 cost for employers?


Actually, we're still finalizing pricing. Please contact us, and we'll be happy to talk. https://captain401.com/join


Wow, that is really low cost compared to other providers. Surprised to not see an asset-based fee.

Are there any other costs that get passed on to the participants?


We also charge employees a low percentage assets under management yearly for the automated advising service, just as other automated advisors do.


What's the $1,500 IRS tax credit?


If you have money in a 401(k) account you deserve what's coming to you soon. Again.

EDIT: don't listen to people talking about compound interest. If you have a 401(k) you will be paying this interest to the government bonds your 401(k) holds when we are finally in NIRP. Look at Greece today, they are going to have to pay $71M on July 17 which is just the interest on their 2014 3-year bonds.

If you are young, learn from the bad advice coming from the old folks.

EDIT 2: owning US stock, no matter when purchased, is a bad idea now in these times of share buyback, yes. So yes, it cannot be a good idea to hold stock now since we're due a crash (which got caught yesterday by a "system update glitch" at NYSE which curiously affected United Airlines and Wall Street Journal as well). Holding some gold and cash, as Bank of America advises NOW, is a very good idea: http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-05-18/bank-of-am...


Let me guess. Gold is the place to be. Owning small stakes in a diversified set of large successful companies, bought at different prices over time can't possibly be a good idea right?


This is really bad advice, especially for young people when they can benefit the most from compound interest.




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