I was going to suggest Robot Odyssey. That was my first introduction to digital logic, although I didn't realize it till years later, when I actually studied some digital logic.
There used to be a clone in java called Droid Quest that would run without an emulator, but I went looking for it a little while ago, and the web site appears to be empty. The only remains I found is a github repo with the source code, but I haven't tried to see if I can build and run it yet.
In fact I would not be sad if v1 of Starfighter was playing Robot Odyssey on a web page. :-)