Yes, as SixSigma says, it's called a jump table; I've also seen it called a dispatch table (because you dispatch control to the right function based on a key). It's quite an old technique, dating from the earliest programming languages and even used in assembly language. using indirect addressing and suchlike techniques.
Edit: Looked it up, dispatch table is in Wikipedia:
Edit: Looked it up, dispatch table is in Wikipedia:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispatch_table