A modern, well-architected site build works wonderfully with the aforementioned tools. In fact, I have a demonstration VM (Vagrant + Ansible) that you can use to bootstrap a Drupal site with a given install profile/configuration in a few minutes using a Drush makefile: https://github.com/geerlingguy/drupal-dev-vm
Sadly, most Drupal developers and development shops either don't know about or don't care to take the time to build sites in this manner (instead of schlepping databases and file dumps all over the place, export everything to code)... but if you do, team-based/large project Drupal development becomes so much more sane.
I'm aware of drush and its makefiles. In the overwhelming case, that's antithetical to how working on Drupal actually is, because of the amount of exploration and tweaking involved. It's not a sufficiently simple product such that you can just eyeball a makefile and go.
Sadly, most Drupal developers and development shops either don't know about or don't care to take the time to build sites in this manner (instead of schlepping databases and file dumps all over the place, export everything to code)... but if you do, team-based/large project Drupal development becomes so much more sane.