Sending ICMP traffic requires a raw socket which needs root to open. To that end, the ping command is normally installed suid root, though these days there are ways to selectively give programs extended privileges like that. Sometimes people do system hardening which removes the setuid bit on ping, requiring sudo to make it work.
PING e9566.b.akamaiedge.net (184.24.249.86) 56(84) bytes of data.
....^C
--- e9566.b.akamaiedge.net ping statistics ---
728 packets transmitted, 724 received, 0% packet loss, time 10177ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 25.935/38.167/131.406/16.421 ms, pipe 11, ipg/ewma 13.999/35.015 ms
http://www.geoiptool.com/en/?IP=184.24.249.86
My the server I'm testing this on is in Sydney, the server info on the geoip says I'm pinging somewhere in Cambridge, Massachusetts.