Maybe technically (or maybe not--never bothered to check), but I've never heard of it ever happening.
I usually put a legitimate address that's in the same city (and sometimes the same general area). Where I actually live is completely irrelevant wrt DNS and I can think of no reason to have it trivially available to anyone who can do a WHOIS.
Check if your domain registrar offers an anonymous registration service. Mine provides it for free, but some charge a small yearly fee. It is still fine per ICANN standards since it simply goes to a forwarding service.
From ICANN's perspective though, doesn't that mean that the owner of the domain is the registrar?
While most registrars would be perfectly fine, I worry about the one that is willing to take the domain for themselves (for a domain not worth going to court over).
While not exactly what happened, I remember the case of the @N twitter account be stolen (https://medium.com/@N/how-i-lost-my-50-000-twitter-username-...), and wonder if having your actual information on the registration would help or hurt a situation like that.
