I plugged his numbers into a Numbers spreadsheet I use for estimating my taxes including self-employment tax. This should be the maximum that he would owe for 2013, though there is surely more that he can deduct.
It accounts for his wife and child, but does not take into account any personal deductions like mortgage interest, donations, or anything else. The state rate is approximately correct for Idaho where he lives though the state uses brackets below $10,000.
Just from the amount of deductible self-employment tax he's close to using itemized deductions, but would have to add more personal deductions to get to that point.
Business income: $256,725.00
Business expenses: $65,000.00
Self-employment tax amount: $19,233.48
Self-employment tax effective rate: 7.49%
Federal tax amount: $34,625.50
Federal tax effective rate: 13.49%
State tax amount: $12,463.45 (assuming flat rate of 7.4%)
Total tax amount: $66,321.43
Total tax effective rate: 28.38%
Nathan needs to get a CPA to do his taxes. I finally got one about 2 years ago and had him look at some of my older returns. Turns out I wasn't accounting for rental property income correctly, and he was able to get me several thousand back (plus interest!) from the IRS. Totally worth it.
I actually haven't done 2013 taxes, just my estimated payments for the year. I was expecting to make a little more, so my estimated payments should be a bit high.
Are you living in the U.S? If so, what about health insurance and other benefits you had to provide for yourself? I'd really like to see how it compares to your old job after everything.
I have a $280/month plan that has a $5,000 deductible. Most doctors visits are covered entirely, and a few have a $35 co-pay. That plan includes myself, my wife, and our 2 year old son.
We are all quite healthy, so the plan is pretty cheap. Unfortunately it is going up to about $375/month with a slightly higher deductible starting next year.
With my previous job they paid for a plan that was about $700/month and had a $1,500/year deductible. Though that was more expensive since I was on a group plan (and I'm cheap to insure).
I subscribe to Nathan's emails (some of the only emails I read regularly, they're that good and useful btw)and was really happy to read he had such a successful year. But I was also saddened to see that he admitted to not having as much money in his bank accounts as he had hoped or planned. He mentions that taxes were huge, but being employed rather than self-employed myself, is he paying that much more in taxes than he would be if was just a salaried employee at a regular company?
He admits to lifestyle creep as his income increased. It's not what you make, it's what you spend. That's the best personal finance advice I ever received, but very unintuitive for most people unfortunately.
Yep, it's pretty much just spending more on lifestyle. I grew up relatively poor (for my area) so I always thought I'd live on just a little bit of money, even if I had far more. That didn't really happen like I thought.
But I have zero debt, no financial obligations, and $50k in the bank, so I'm doing fine. Just not what I would have expected after a year like 2013.
One of the best ways to prevent your spending from getting away from you is to set up automatic saving. Most banks and credit unions will let you set up automatic monthly transactions to put some amount into a savings account without you having to think about it. Once it's set up, the "out of sight out of mind" principle kicks in for your benefit.
It's also a good idea to do the same thing for investment. Especially with the amount of taxes you're paying, being sure to take advantage of government tax-advantaged retirement plans is important. You make too much now to do a Roth IRA, but you can still do a traditional IRA. I'd recommend using Vanguard, investing in index funds, and again setting up automatic investments so that you don't have to think about it.
(This is the first time I've read your blog and I know nothing about you, so maybe I'm saying things you already know, but I thought it couldn't hurt to post anyway. As you mention, you're in great shape either way.)
Tax-wise, the US is among the worst places to be self-employed. Per this little calculation of mine, an IT entrepreneur earning $100k would keep >99% in Singapore, but <57% in SF. (Massive caveats apply and are enumerated in detail in the article.)
I was going to rebut the linked article, but it has so many basic factual errors that it's easier to say that the article is completely useless. Suffice to say, when you cherry pick the financial considerations included in your "model", it's easy to reach whatever conclusion you want.
As the author of said article, I'd be keen to hear about these "factual errors". Yes, the calculation makes a lot of assumptions, many of them generous, but these are clearly laid out upfront. And while I agree that you would probably not want to use the exact model laid out ($2k salary plus company profit as dividends) in each country covered, you've got to establish some sort of baseline to be able to sensibly compare them!
I have considered doing a v2 where the starting point would be "$100k sitting in a company account" and the goal would "as much cash as possible in my personal account", but I'm not sure this would be particularly useful or any more realistic. For example, in Singapore the optimal strategy would be to draw zero salary and take out everything as tax-free dividends, but most entrepreneurs can't afford to wait a year to get any money at all.
For starters, at least half of your US tax rates are either wrong or wrongly applied. Beyond that, you'd have to pay me to spend the time to detail all of the inaccuracies. My hourly rate starts at $300.
How about one example before I hire you? The US tax rate computation is based on the MIT Living Wage calculator for personal taxes, and ZenPayroll for payroll taxes.
I don't know about this calculation, but I can tell you that as a salaried employee in Singapore at the local equivalent 100k USD a year, you'd pay around 5% in taxes without any deductions necessary. (That's around my situation.)
> "...is he paying that much more in taxes than he would be if was just a salaried employee at a regular company?"
Not quite. Some taxes are paid by the employer, and some taxes are withdrawn directly from your paycheck. When you are self-employed, you see exactly how Uncle Sam gets both sides of the action.
Yeah, this was quite the shocker for me once I started making serious side money. Personal income taxes are about 50% in the US. (Which, by the way, would be totally fine with me if it funded infrastructure and social safety nets. Unfortunately, the vast majority of that goes to wars against nebulous foes, i.e. drugs, terrorism, etc...)
No, they aren't. There are a handful of states where the top marginal rate (combining federal and state rates) is at or above 50%, but that's not the overall rate even for those top earners, and its certainly not the average overall rate in the country.
Its not an unrealistic marginal rate for NYC or perhaps even parts of California.[1] This is a case where 'average' is often misleading. When you take a salary...its a take it/leave it package (X net of tax). When you are self-employed, you are always deciding: do I do another X for another Y in return. At that stage, its all about marginal ROI from your time.
[1] Because of the real estate, many of these types of places are not really 'livable', and you see entry level jobs that offer salaries already at or neat the top tax brackets (despite the fact that these people have few/no assets or real 'net worth').
> Its not an unrealistic marginal rate for NYC or perhaps even parts of California.
The claim was that personal income tax "in the US" was about 50%.
That's very different than saying the truth which is that "maximum marginal income (including payroll) tax rates in the highest-tax US states are around 50%".
> you see entry level jobs that offer salaries already at or neat the top tax brackets
The top US federal marginal rate starts at $400,001 for a single filer; $450,001 for married filing jointly/qualified widow(er), $225,001 for married filing separately, and $425,001 for head of household.
I've never seen anything fairly described as entry-level offering a salary at or near that, even in expensive places like SF.
This is not an average rate, nor does it include the provision of the healthcare mandate. In any event, this is meant to be illustrative only, and the marginal and average dynamics play out differently at higher rates (for a variety of reasons, including tax-sheltering and regressive taxes on payroll and sale/consumption taxes).
It doesn't make any sense to add up the highest marginal tax rates like that though.
In your example of someone earning $90k in CA, the federal income tax rate of 28% only applies to the $2150 of income above the threshold of $87,850, the rest is taxed at lower rates according to the lower brackets. The same applies to state taxes, except the brackets are different.
The effective tax rate (e.g. the total amount of tax you pay / your total income) has a lot more meaning, and that one is a lot lower than 50%.
The original claim that started this thread, "Personal income taxes are about 50% in the US", is not true at all.
No, its a 52% combined marginal rate, not a 52% tax rate. And, since we're talking about taxes on income, "excluding 9% sales tax" is a red herring, because sales tax is not a tax on income. (And California's statewide sales tax is 7.5%, not 9%.)
> In any event, this is meant to be illustrative only
And what it fails to do is illustrate that the claim "Personal income taxes are about 50% in the US" is true. the fact that if you choose one of the states with the highest state taxes on personal income (including both income and payroll taxes), the top marginal tax rates on personal income just exceed 50% does not mean that personal income taxes in the US are about 50%. In fact, it demonstrates that personal income taxes in the US are generally substantially less than 50%.
Exactly. The. Point. Go read the my comment in context... Not only do I set out to illudtrate the marginal tax rate, I expressly not that it is not the average rate. There is a reason for that, which I mention earlier...too. Which I won't repeat myself to point out here.
Nope. The federal Rate would be much lower. You would be in the 28% tax bracket but your tax rate wouldn't be 28%. [1] Grabbing a random tax calculator on line suggests that at 90K of gross income the highest your federal tax rate could be is about 16.6%.
We can easily qualify the example to avoid using a black box...whether its 'taxable' income or 'marginal tax rate' etc. (which are actually implied). If you're saying something beyond this, then just say it.
There are several states without income taxes and/or sales taxes as well (NV, OR, TX, FL). Depending upon your income stream/sources and lifestyle this is hugely important. Once you retire...for example...you may spend more than you earn...or you may buy a car (that last 10 years). For other people, its real-estate (maintenance) taxes that are a function of asset-bases (often inflated, and not income). {etc}
You are correct, and I'm just nitpicking, but I do think it's worth pointing out that in NYC the effective tax rate can get close to 50% even for relatively entry-level salaries (low six-figures). Federal, State, and Local income taxes, plus FICA taxes... it adds up. For top earners, effective rate can definitely reach 50%. Again, I'm just being pedantic; you're absolutely right that in most of the country the effective rates are nowhere near that high. Sadly, most people just don't understand how marginal rates work.
If you add up all the entitlement programs (Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, etc.) you'll notice they account for more than 60% of the federal budget. Not sure this leaves a 'vast majority' to fund wars.
Those are not (supposed to be) paid through our income taxes, that's why we get taxed medicare and social security separately. The "vast majority" description does apply if you look at non-discretionary spending.
Edit: I suppose it could be argued that money that goes to the military doesn't directly mean funding wars. We have bases all over the world after all.
I'm not American, but every time I look at taxation levels, I come out with a number significantly smaller than that. I presume that America uses progressive taxation, so at what income level does personal income + payroll tax equate to 50% of gross?
According to the 1040 tax tables, 100,000 gets taxed at 21,454, so that is 21.4%. Add on 15% FICA (if self employed), 5% state tax, and you are up to 41.4%. Now if you own a house that the county assessor says is worth $200K, you are talking about 8K a year in property tax (this will vary by area, but is true for where I'm at in the midwest). That leaves $55,546 out of the 100,000 to spend. Ok, now try to spend it -- you will pay 8% in sales taxes, for another $4443.68. So all you have left is a shade over 51k, out of that initial 100K that you earned. So not quite 50% taxation, but close enough (actually, some sales taxes are higher, such as gasoline, etc).
That FICA number is high, at least according to Wikipedia.
> Under the SE Tax Act, self-employed people are responsible for the entire percentage of 15.3% (= 12.4% [Soc. Sec.] + 2.9% [Medicare]); however, the 15.3% multiplier is applied to 92.35% of the business's net earnings from self-employment, rather than 100% of the gross earnings; the difference, 7.65%, is half of the 15.3%, and makes the calculation fair in comparison to that of regular (non-self-employed) employees.
The rest of your figures aren't really what I'd consider personal income taxation, although they're definitely interesting. Also interesting is that married people in the US of A experience a tax advantage when filing jointly - not so our tax code, it's very theoretically pure.
I also didn't include the fact that state income tax, and property tax are deductible from federal income. Also mortgage interest is deductible. So, back of the envelope comes down to closer to 42% taxation.
> The rest of your figures aren't really what I'd consider personal income taxation, although they're definitely interesting
I'd say that sales tax is personal, but property tax maybe not, since that isn't directly related to income. However, it still means that for every dollar that someone pays you to do work, you only get to spend 58 cents.
Yes, for purchases that are consumed within the business (such as office supplies, etc). However anything purchased for resale does not get sales tax -- as that tax will be collected later when the item is sold to at retail.
> Also interesting is that married people in the US of A experience a tax advantage when filing jointly
It's not quite that simple. Filing jointly confers a tax advantage when the couple makes relatively little, but becomes neutral as they earn more, and is actually a tax disadvantage when the couple makes a significant amount.
The advantage to filing jointly is actually when the couple makes sufficiently different income, and the penalty is actually when they are close in income.
I was simplifying, and your simplification is more accurate, but neither simplification quite captures it. Both aspects play a role, with the amount the couple makes essentially scaling the benefit or detriment. If a couple makes the exact same amount but it's a low amount, there's zero detriment, but if it's a high amount there's a significant detriment. If they make very different amounts and it's a low amount, there's a significant benefit, but the size of that benefit decreases and can disappear entirely as they make more.
You'd need to combine a very very high income level (well above $450k/yr with lots of money getting taxed in the highest federal nominal bracket), live in a state with high income tax and have a bad accountant.
In short, if anyone is paying that much in taxes they are very much doing it wrong... and I kind of doubt people are.
The self employed pay 15.3% of gross income to FICA and Medicare taxes. This amount cannot be avoided (no tax breaks). Employees pay roughly half this percentage. It's also very easy for the newly self employed to see the money rolling in and spend it. One has to be disciplined enough to set aside enough for taxes in a separate account.
> The self employed pay 15.3% of gross income to FICA and Medicare taxes. This amount cannot be avoided (no tax breaks). Employees pay roughly half this percentage.
Everyone, effectively pays 15.3% of gross SS-covered wages up to $113,700 and 2.9% on income above that.
If you aren't self-employed, exactly (not "roughly") half of that (the so-called "employer's share") is not directly visible, while half of it is reflected in payroll deductions.
This isn't necessarily true. Its fairly common to have an S-Corp (or LLC filing as S-Corp) dodge a significant chunk of the self-employment tax by paying a lower salary and then shareholder distributions for the rest.
Balance is important here as the IRS watches these situations closely, but any decent accountant should help someone down this path.
On top of this, if you are making any significant amount of money as a self-employed individual you should probably look into setting up a solo-401k or a SEP-IRA, which will help reduce your taxable income (by up to $51,000 for 2013).
The IRS will, effectively, value your job in the event of an audit and determine whether you paid yourself reasonably compared to your market for your skills, experience, etc.
I had prepared an example that showed you could actually pay less in FICA, while still being reasonable in the eyes of the IRS. Maybe not ideal to post it here though.
Long term capital gains is less than the alternative minimum tax. Executive compensation probably consists of a mixture between stock options and company paid expenses (airfare, company car, vacations, travel, nice office equipment, etc).
I always found the US self employment tax curious and wondered if it dissuaded people from being self employed if they had the choice (even setting aside the health insurance situation).
Here in the UK, the self employed pay less (9% vs 12%) in the equivalent tax (called National Insurance here) than the employed, with the tradeoff being that they can't claim various state unemployment benefits (for obvious reasons).
It used to be hard to get insurance. That changes in a couple days. It is rude to claim the ACA does anything to help anyone, let alone business owners, but I'm certainly happy that I'll be getting oppressed by Obamacare in the new year.
I had a super easy time getting insurance when I moved to self-employed. But that is something a lot of people are scared of. That is a nice thing about the ACA, you don't have to worry about that.
But I am annoyed my insurance costs are going up by quite a bit, but in the grand scheme of things I still pay very little.
Yeah, I was speaking entirely from a self employed perspective, although the semantics get tricky with incorporation. In the UK, though, you can do a similar thing where you incorporate, pay yourself under the level where you have to pay National Insurance (there's a free allowance), and then pay the remainder using dividends (which attract no NI), so you can theoretically reduce your exposure to these types of taxes to nil.
To be more precise, my understanding is that it's not gross income, but net profit. So, expenses are not taxed.
Also, 92.35% of that profit is taxable, and as dragon writer said you stop paying FICA at $113,700 and then you play only 2.9% for Medicare.
Here are examples of self-employment tax at different levels of income:
$100,000 - $14,129.55 in taxes, an effective rate of 14.13%
$200,000 - $19,455.10 in taxes, an effective rate of 9.73%
$300,000 - $22,133.25 in taxes, an effective rate of 7.38%
What kind of content are you providing to the subscribers of the $100/mo. forum? And are you using actual forum software or some other CMS to manage the community?
I'm a member, and I didn't even know there was going to be content, outside of the conversation when I signed up. The value I get out of it is a place I can have candid conversations about the business I am building and get actionable feedback from Nathan (and the other smart peeps). Actionable stuff that will definitely increase revenue more than the cost of admission.
It's tough to do this stuff in a vacuum. I've got a hipchat room I hang out in regularly that has the same vibe, and there is value in hanging out with smart & motivated people working towards similar goals.
I'm writing a new course that is a follow-up to Authority. That is being dripped out one chapter per month. I also have case studies of other profitable audiences (my friends I admire).
Finally (and currently the biggest part) I have a forum of 20 like-minded people all helping each other out each day. I'm pretty active as well. Just answering questions ranging from landing page feedback, pricing advice, to which audience you should choose.
Chiming in here. Nathan and I both run membership sites that use the same underlying tech stack: a Discourse app that authenticates off a Stripe-aware Rails app that handles memberships and grouping users into cohorts.
Unfortunately, just about every forum that could be plugged into one of those "Membership site made easy" Wordpress plugins seemingly got lost in the 90s.
OT: Tried to sign up for his newsletter. On firefox, a whole lot of Nothing Happened - no error, no nothing. Even disabled my anti-tracker plugin of the day (do not track me) to make sure it wasn't interfering.
On Chrome it worked, but didn't really give me visual indicator that it did - if I didn't have my phone nearby, I wouldn't have known that I got a confirmation email.
Not such a good first impression of software that's supposed to specialize in email conversion :(
I had the same problem with Chrome. A confirmation screen would be cool. The newsletter and sample chapter are both great though, definitely worth checking out.
While others are focusing on the $s, 2 non-cash things jumped out at me.
And then… taxes. Which are brutal. I suspect it's the administrative overhead, rather than the taxes themselves. This can take away a lot of energy and focus.
Now that he is getting a bit older (2 years old) it’s been harder to take long flights with him. Kids don't travel well when they're old enough to walk, and too young for iPads. this will get better in a year.
It accounts for his wife and child, but does not take into account any personal deductions like mortgage interest, donations, or anything else. The state rate is approximately correct for Idaho where he lives though the state uses brackets below $10,000.
Just from the amount of deductible self-employment tax he's close to using itemized deductions, but would have to add more personal deductions to get to that point.
Here's a screenshot of the sheet I used: http://cl.ly/image/1N3M3U3Z2X2x