Succeeded in what, confirming that Google is still in operation? Please note that Google doesn't even have to confirm the receiving email address is valid in order to get the image.
I just checked and Google rejects an e-mail after the RCPT TO: stage if the recipient address doesn't exist so they would not receive the message content.
$ telnet gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com 25
Trying 74.125.142.26...
Connected to gmail-smtp-in.l.google.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 mx.google.com ESMTP nh2si25383829icc.26 - gsmtp
EHLO myhostname.mydomain.com
250-mx.google.com at your service, [my.ip.was.here]
250-SIZE 35882577
250-8BITMIME
250-STARTTLS
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250 CHUNKING
MAIL FROM: <myusername@gmail.com>
250 2.1.0 OK nh2si25383829icc.26 - gsmtp
RCPT TO: <non-existant-address@gmail.com>
550-5.1.1 The email account that you tried to reach does not exist. Please try
550-5.1.1 double-checking the recipient's email address for typos or
550-5.1.1 unnecessary spaces. Learn more at
550 5.1.1 http://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?answer=6596 nh2si25383829icc.26 - gsmtp
Easily is a bit of a stretch, because most users are on NAT setups and they would need to go into their router settings and know how to set them up to allow the external request to get through. So, yeah easily if (a big if) you know how to do that, or if (another big if) you are on a machine that is directly visible on teh interwebs.
Sure, but they'd have to download the file first. At which point the tracking has succeeded.