Typically, kids in the USA are taught 1 - 5 the way you describe, but not taught anything further with a single hand. If they want to count to ten, they use both hands in the same manner.
There are a few other fancy ways including even binary which could let you count up to 1024 if you could keep it all in your head. :)
I annoyed my teachers in elementary school demonstrating binary finger counting to 1024 when they were insisting that students stop finger counting because "you could only count to 10"
Yeah, my dad taught me to count on my hands in binary when I was young. I tried explaining it to others but that usually broke down when I reached four...
There are a few other fancy ways including even binary which could let you count up to 1024 if you could keep it all in your head. :)
The ASL (American Sign Language) method I mentioned in the parent is described here: http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/counting-on-numbers-in...