There now are many interpreted as well as compiled non Objective-C languages around; from .NET languages to Object Pascal, Ruby, Java, Lua, Python, Javascript and others used to create iOS applications and they all are happily allowed in the Appstore. You are just not allowed to dynamically load 'new code' from servers and execute it on the device unless it's via the Safari Javascript engine.
Compiling to ARM and then running on the device is perfectly fine with Apple.
Compiling to ARM and then running on the device is perfectly fine with Apple.