I'm actually kinda surprised that the number is that high.
Part of me wants to make a stumble-upon that grabs a random csv from GitHub. I feel like there's probably some really interesting data waiting to be explored.
I'm tempted to say you leave an enable option and report it to the browser teams as a performance challenge – it's the kind of thing which should work better than it does.
I noticed that more than half the time in Chrome isn't HTML parsing but rather layout recalculation - I suspect you'd be able to avoid much of that if you were able to set some sort of min/max width on the columns and containing table with overflow:scroll-x or hidden. Perhaps set a fixed width when the server sees the size is large and/or by measuring the rows while rendering the template?
I believe you would have to set hard widths to avoid expensive reflows (layout recalculation). Min/max width are much more expensive, particularly in a very tall table.
That's likely - I wasn't sure whether anyone implemented the optimization of stopping as soon as you've maxed out a fixed width table but you could certainly do something similar by hand when rendering the page and set fixed widths based on the ratio of column sizes.