Do tell. I'm back here in Amsterdam for a month. Lived here for about 2 years, a couple years back... and we did some travel in other parts of NL while we were here. Biking didn't seem all that much different outside of Amsterdam, other than the volume of people doing it.
The sheer volume of bikes is much, much higher in Amsterdam.
The culture of beat up bikes is not typical for the Netherlands, except maybe for student towns. Also, it is much cheaper to get your bike "fixed" in Amsterdam, so old bikes are kept going longer. ("fixed" being a bit relative because of the cultural difference, bike shops in Amsterdam will use duct-tape if necessary)
The middle-class mommy "bakfiets" was typical for Amsterdam until very recently.
Car ownership amongst people who can easily afford one is much lower in Amsterdam than anywhere else in the country. Nowhere is it that hard to get around by car than in Amsterdam, and in most places it's hardly possible to live without a card.
The total disregard of cyclists for traffic rules, including ignoring red lights and not having any lights at night is typical for Amsterdam.
Lots of outsiders (there are barely any locals left in the heart of Amsterdam) have turned cycling into a bit of a cult. Outside of Amsterdam, cycling is much more "normal".
Especially the cycling culture in Amsterdam is very, very different from that of most other places in NL.