So what are the immigration policies of these Baltic states? How are they enticing new citizens? Have they relaxed their immigration criteria to try to get more citizens, or is it strict?
If I wanted to immigrate to, say, Estonia next year, how difficult would it be?
They're all Eurozone now, so EU citizens can move between those countries without issue. Part of the population decline can be attributed to youth moving to central Europe for work.
Additionally, other posters have been right about ethnic Russians leaving the Baltics, which is something governments have actually been trying to encourage anyhow. The Soviets had hugely increased the number of ethnic Russians in the Baltics, nearly to the point of overtaking the native populations.
> The Soviets had hugely increased the number of ethnic
> Russians in the Baltics
It depends on country a lot. E.g. in Estonia 70% are Estonians and 25% are Russians, meanwhile in Lithuania 84% are Lithuanians and less than 6% are Russians—there are more Poles than Russians.
Then that could well make you one of ultra-nationalistic Estonians who would rather see their country and language die rather than have it be 'tainted'.
I'm half Australian and half Estonian - and have citizenship of both countries. I've worked as a developer in both countries, and currently reside (and work) in Estonia. I see this attitude all the time in Estonia; despite the obvious need for immigration, many people would rather see the population keep on decreasing. Currently it's simply too difficult for professionals to get an Estonian visa, and wages are not attractive enough, in general, to attract those with an EU passport. This is part of the problem that will, in time, kill Estonia and likely the other Baltic countries.
I actually do like the Baltic states, and wouldn't mind moving. I don't speak Estonian, but I do know a bit of Finnish due to having a Finnish roommate in university. I've long dreamed of moving to several EU nations, but every one of the countries I could see myself living in makes it so hard to get a visa. I'm more used to American immigration policy, which is a lot more "open door" than the EU countries I adore.
From the little time I've spent in Finland though, I've seen a lot of this type of attitude. People are generally happy to see visitors as long as the visitors don't try to speak their language or talk about moving to the country. Tallinn seems like a nice place, though.
«American immigration policy, which is a lot more "open door"»
I do not now about that. My impression is that American immigration is just more promoted (and exploited) than in other countries, not necessarily easier or more open. It is like an industry on itself. Other countries are not that eager to sell themselves to immigrants, which I guess it's because the general feeling about what already belongs to locals and is not to be sold.
That's a bit overwrought. A country is not "dying" because its population has declined for two decades. You can't extrapolate that trend all the way to the x axis.
The population in Estonia is less than 1.3 million, and without a policy change (or some major regional changes, eg war), it is hard to see how the decline will be reversed. Most of the young people here I know can see no future for themselves in Estonia; being part of the EU makes it too easy to up-and-go to another EU state that pays better.
I used the 'dying' comparison as it's an emotional issue for me, as a 'new Estonian'. I hope very much that my pessimistic extrapolation will prove to be incorrect.
I'm in Finland now, going back down to Estonia. I'd like to meet an Estonian developer - I'm quite curious about the tech scene there. You don't have an email address but mine is hn at stroyvale.com . Please write me.
If I wanted to immigrate to, say, Estonia next year, how difficult would it be?