When I starting using Heroku, I was desperately trying to understand what the dyno(s) are and how the processes work. While I can write web applications in python .etc., I only understand the obvious from the functioning of these "cloud application platforms" and I feel it is not enough at all. Similarly for Node.js.
Could you direct me towards some good books and/or resources which talks about these things?
) Deploy your application to AWS instead of Heroku. This will give you more understanding of what "magic" Heroku does on your behalf. Start with EC2, then build up to Elastic Beanstalk, which is rather similar to Heroku's offering. Also learn about Elastic Load Balancers and Auto Scaling.
) Learn the Xen hypervisor if you want to know what AWS is doing under the hood.
) Cloud Application Architectures is an interesting read - http://www.amazon.com/Cloud-Application-Architectures-Applic...
) AWS System Administration will also (hopefully) be an interesting read, but I need to finish writing it first :P