Once I learned Python, Java and C++ took a backseat for me on anything that doesn't need to be fairly low level. Even for stuff that is low level I have learned enough of the python-c api to connect things up when I need to interface with c/c++ code. That's just me though... I write a lot of quick data processing code that would be a lot of string manipulation mess in those languages.
For writing operating systems, browsers, and other serious apps c/c++ is pretty much universal.
Same here. I wrote shitloads of C++ in the past 10 years, but looking back, a lot of this stuff could have been written in Python or similar languages.
Not being a hipster here, but I've experimented with Go lately, and while it is not ready to become a main stream language - it is certainly a very powerful one and a good replacement for a lot of the stuff I've been doing with C++ and could not have been done with Python & friends. I'm glad it's in my toolbox now.
My default language used to be C or C++, but nowadays given the chance I code everything in Python [1], from throwaway scripts to medium size fetch/process programs. The performance is usually acceptable, and normally IO bound.
For writing operating systems, browsers, and other serious apps c/c++ is pretty much universal.