The flaw in your thinking here is that there's some sort of "standard" template for a resume that will highlight your excellence. A resume is a sales letter designed to show how awesome you are. Include anything and everything that makes you look good.
As an example, with the research paper, highlight why it was impactful. Saying the paper was published in one of the most prestigious journals in its field is vastly more effective than telling us what your paper was about.
Your work experience tells me what you did, but it doesn't tell me why you're awesome. As an example-my resume highlights the fact that I saved my employer millions of dollars. It only glosses over how.
So write your resume in a way that would make someone say "this guy is awesome", rather than trying to write your resume in a way that describes your life.
No idea what a "official" CV is like. I know I like to see a GPA listed for a college student.
> How can I make those more specific? In my eyes they seemed like pretty specific details to me.
What, precisely, made your internship valuable? Why should I read it as anything more than "wrote some code in C#"?
> I don't know how to compress a research paper into a two sentence resume description. Even the abstract is longer than that by an order of magnitude.
Yup. Rewrite, rewrite, rewrite. More exactly: What did you do in this project? What results did you produce? Did a paper come from it?
> People care about either of those??
I do. Others might not. Tutoring & leadership indicates soft skills, which are, hmm, about 50% of my job... at least. Honors indicates drive & capability beyond the usual "Got Degree, Where's A Job" attitude of the average college student.
Interviewing, IMO, is idiosyncratic. Different people look for different things.
Do GPAs go on your CV? I didn't know that.
Your internship this summer details don't tell me why you're awesome. It's too generic.
How can I make those more specific? In my eyes they seemed like pretty specific details to me.
Your S12 research is ambiguous. what did you find? I don't know what you can do for me.
I don't know how to compress a research paper into a two sentence resume description. Even the abstract is longer than that by an order of magnitude.
* You should highlight your leadership experience in tutoring. You should highlight your Honors courses.*
People care about either of those??