A big driver for the high salaries of medical doctors in the U.S. is the staggering educational debt their degrees leave them with. Is it the same in Sweden? Some degree of wage depression is practically inevitable if we had more doctors, but I wonder how much that could be offset with affordable education?
No. Universities in Sweden are free to citizens (including EU/EEA citizens). That includes highly regarded universities such as Karolinska Institute (considered one of the top medical schools in Europe), Lund University, the University of Gothenburg, and so on.
In Scandinavia, student loans are taken to cover living expenses, not the cost of tuition. Private schools exist, but are not nearly as common as in the U.S.