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There is a u shape to ldl levels and longevity just like with bmi: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4908872/

By the guidelines nunbers, Low is worse than normal, “normal” is low, a little high is protective when you have other morbidities…




Because LDL drops when you have cancer, or a heart attack. That is, the U shape is a result of reverse causation. When you look at longitudinal data there’s no U shape - it’s straight as an arrow. Higher LDL-c -> more heart disease.




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