Limehouse is now far inside the current ULEZ boundary.
While there are small upper-class enclaves in the city center, the most affluent areas of London are the outer boroughs. You can this reflected in electoral maps as well, where the center is mostly Labour, while the outer boroughs have typically voted more rightwing.
ULEZ has expanded outward step by step, but the strongest resistance to further expansion has come from the more affluent areas further out.
This only applies if you count pensioners as “low income”. Many are indeed poor, many are wealthy while still not having a high income, but the age gap is what is driving those figures, not wealth.
Most housing is more expensive per square meter in Central London, but the housing in Central London tends to be significantly smaller on average except for the wealthiest enclaves pulling the averages drastically up, and this is then further obscured by council housing.
Put another way: Where I live in Outer London, most housing apart from a handful of conversions and some council blocks until recently started at 3-bedroom houses with gardens. There are now a few large blocks targeting renters that include smaller flats by the station, but they're all marketed as luxury flats.
A walk further out and the 5+ bedroom houses and mansions lining private sports grounds and expensive private schools start. A little bit further you get the private roads leading to private mansions alongside private primary schools.
Left/right politics, high/low income and high/low status don't map neatly onto London's demography, and haven't since Tony Blair, New Labour and "champagne socialism".
Outer and anti-ULEZ right-wing areas - Bexley, Romford, Welling, Uxbridge - might be more affluent than deprived inner-city parts, but they're a lot less affluent (as well as far less educated) than the professional-class areas of the inner city, which these days seems to span all the way from Muswell Hill down to Tooting.
Tory/rightwing votes used to be a thing for rich people who wanted to keep their winnings for themselves, pay less tax and/or encourage the less successful to work harder and pull themselves up by their bootstraps. The modern tory party seems to be mostly for losers, racists and grumpy pensioners who want to blame all their problems on immigrants, LGBTQ+ and "the woke".
I agree to an extent, but the affluent pockets of inner London have relatively few people, and often are immediately adjacent to areas that are still comparatively poor. Even e.g Kensington has seriously deprived areas. You're right it's not a straight match, but overall the narrative of the comment above about ULEZ benefiting the wealthy first and foremost didn't fit even before the expansion.
It most benefits poor (and likely minority ethnic) people living in inner London, and the built-up bits of outer London that look like inner - Hounslow, Croydon, Enfield etc.
And the biggest disbenefit is to people who identify as poor or hard-up but are in reality somewhere near or a bit above average (mostly down to whether or not they own their home outright) - and are much more likely to be white.
So it's pretty obvious how this lines up with UKIP/Reform, the whole "deserving vs undeserving" poor narrative, and why the people smashing up the cameras look a lot like football hooligans.
(for @jstanley - I'm stating why opposition to ULEZ mostly lines up with conservative and right-wing political positions - from their point of view, the "wrong people" benefit. I don't agree with them but that's how they see it.)
While there are small upper-class enclaves in the city center, the most affluent areas of London are the outer boroughs. You can this reflected in electoral maps as well, where the center is mostly Labour, while the outer boroughs have typically voted more rightwing.
ULEZ has expanded outward step by step, but the strongest resistance to further expansion has come from the more affluent areas further out.