2 is pretty easy to explain in my opinion. It's not hard to find people who are passionate about aeronautics who want to build a radical new product, rather than be cog number 13482 in the machine of Airbus making fixtures for testing wing spars or whatever, but there aren't many opportunities to actually do that because the cost barrier is so high. But that rolls around to how is 1 possible, so I see your point there.
