> What is the inherent value Verisign offers here?
Given most other TLDs have a similar price, it’s fair to assume that’s roughly what it takes to run a TLD. For the 2014-era of gTLDs, you already start with a $180k/year ICANN fee before you even have a DNS server online.
> Is it hosting an entry for my domain in a database somewhere that someone can lookup using DNS?
I’d say the main value comes from making sure the DB record isn’t tampered, so you can trust that you own the domain and no random actor can take it from you. Value would tank significantly if you couldn’t trust that. Although most of that work is done by the registrars nowadays, it’s on the registry’s behalf.
> can't we just solve that problem using some sort of decentralized solution
There are over 1500 TLDs and Verisign controls only a handful of them. For me that can be seen as decentralized already.
And if so, why can't we just solve that problem using some sort of decentralized solution?