A perhaps easier to understand explanation of this is this part of a Robert Sapolsky talk on stress, prepositioned to the bit where he talks about the interaction of stress with the bacteria [1]. The summary is that the body is good at repairing the damage the bacteria do, unless the person is under constant stress which inhibits the repair work.
[1] https://youtu.be/D9H9qTdserM?si=bLeu9PmUgcCEAT41&t=1759