I know it does for personal accounts once linked to your machine. Years ago, I used the enterprise version and it didn’t, probably because it was “assumed” that it should be done with group policies, but that was in 2017.
Yes you should be able to pull it from your domain controllers. Unless they're also down, which they're likely to be seeing as Tier 0 assets are most likely to have crowdstrike on them. So you're now in a catch 22.
Rolling back an Active Directory server is a spectacularly bad idea. Better make doubly sure it's not connected to any network before you even attempt to do so.
In theory. I've seen it not happen twice. (The worst part is that you can hit the Bitlocker recovery somewhat randomly because of an irrelevant piece of hardware failing, and now you have to rebuild the OS because the recovery key is MIA.)