There weren't tons of details to pin down. IIRC, the question was the structure of benzene, which was known to be C6H6, but nobody could figure out how to make a carbon backbone six atoms long that would take only six hydrogen atoms. Hexane, for example, is C6H14.
So I'm not sure what you mean by "all the details". There were very few details. "Connected in a loop" was the only thing that mattered; it explained everything.
Kelulé's dream was of six snakes in a circle or hexagon, each eating the next snake's tail. He turned that into the (correct) idea of the benzene ring - six carbon atoms connected in a circle. The only remaining detail was that it had to have alternating single and double bonds (and even that was wrong - the double bonds get smeared out, so that it's more like one and a half bonds between each atom).
So I'm not sure what you mean by "all the details". There were very few details. "Connected in a loop" was the only thing that mattered; it explained everything.