IDK about parking situation as I don't own a car, but I find it hard to believe that in some place there would be no way of paying for public transport without a smartphone. I personally use a cash-paid, cash-refilled transport card.
As for TOTP - this one is very universally doable on desktop, like with KeepassXC. Or you're talking about logging in outside your home, like in a library or computer club?
Saw the parking thing on a trip to Pennslyvania. Lots of signs for the parking app on the street, yet none of them were kiosks or had a phone number to call and arrange parking fees that way.
It boggles my mind that so much innocuous activity got sucked into smartphones. It is not actually more "convenient" to download yet another app that wants access to all my data, just to pay for a parking space, when my credit card is on my person and kiosks do not take up that much space.
As for TOTP - this one is very universally doable on desktop, like with KeepassXC. Or you're talking about logging in outside your home, like in a library or computer club?