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Google lays off its Python team (social.coop)
511 points by compiler-guy 9 months ago | hide | past | favorite | 440 comments



This is standard recent Google. A year or so ago, they laid off GCP upper tier support to replace them with cheaper workers.

PS: I won't say which MAAN_, but the recruiters are half based in India now. Coincidentally, it's a MAAN_ that laid me off previously in a relatively recent timeframe rather than attempt to find me another home internally. Brain explodes. Perhaps MAANGs need to focus more on long-term sustainability if they intend to retain top talent because morale is non-uniformly, moderately miserable due to the actions of multiple rounds of layoffs creating unbounded uncertainty, vague bizword slogans, and cheap perk cutbacks.


I'm not convinced demoralization is undesired in all cases; certainly it seems like there was a lot of frustration about workers demanding more pay, remote work, stances on various social/political issues, and so on. Making people demoralized and afraid of losing their jobs is one possible answer to that.


Theoretically you have a point. On the other hand it’s so bad for recruiting. I view companies that do large layoffs the same way I view companies that do a lot of contract hiring. You clearly don’t care about employees and their wellbeing.


Be real, it’s google. They could layoff 10k every month for another year and still have people lining up from around the world to get in


Google was so impactful in redefining work environment in the 2000s that people have now a very hard time getting over them being now just another old school big corporation. I remember in the early 2010s the aura Google had here on HN was crazy, I guess 10 years are still not enough to destroy that image.


To be fair, though, even if the culture isn't the same as ten years ago, the perks (and pay) generally are. For people who want to work in a technical role and who may be in traditional enterprise IT, looking up to big tech (including Google) is still pretty rational.


Bingo if you can get a decent package and their stock continues to do well, that is life changing money


Seems like direct path to becoming IBM to be honest


Pretty sure google's new management would love to be IBM, it's the perfect fit for people like them.


IBM still makes cool things. Google serves ads.


Be real - those kind of people aren’t worth hiring!


They haven't been able to hire talent in over a decade. The only "talent" that ever considers working there is kids fresh out of school.

Once it's a woke shithole no one important will work there. You can fleece them for money but no one capable of material contribution goes to google.

Consider what was their last usable innovation? Making their web email client less usable? A third-rate cloud service? They don't even have a usable quantum computer; just a toy. Their flagship product is a pay-to-censured search engine. It's a giant company of assholes.


If it's localized to one company it is but that's the beauty of a sector-wide slowdown... where are they going to go instead?


Maybe we can see this as a positive, if it gets bad enough, the people coming into tech from the bootcamps who just did it for the money might move onto other fields.


Isn’t that why anyone does any job? Even if you love tinkering with computers the reality of a job involves a lot of other stuff.


Eh, I guess I have a different mentality about this. There are people that just love what they do for their job. Sure they can go from job to job but they actually enjoy doing the work. I grew up during a time when the CS department at my college was loserville. No one wanted to be there except the people truly passionate about the field and the department did not get much respect from the rest of my (engineering) school because of these small enrollment numbers(relative to the other departments).

Now its one of the largest programs on the east coast. Its cool that more people appreciate the field but as a small kid, I decided that I would have gone into this field even if it did not pay the big bucks so it was a no brainer when I enrolled.


TF? since when do corporations give a shit about you?


t. Jerome Powell and Julie Su


Well for sure, but it also helps make sense of why you'd see tech executives clamoring for something to be done about inflation even as they were clearly benefiting from the inflationary environment in some sense.


“The beatings will continue until morale improves”


Support team is one thing. Google's Python team was a small team, most of which were also on the Python steering council or Core Python developers. These people had decades of experience in Python. Their knowledge and community connections is irreplaceable.


I'd fathom to guess that it's not even worth Google's time to replace a ten people team. It's probably just a KPI sent from the top -"Replace a few people to earn your bonus this year". Constructing useless KPI, when you cannot come up with interesting ones.


Feels like this will make it so that in the future any python related requests coming from google might just as well end up in /dev/null


Moving things to india sounds like a great idea, except the 13-15 hour difference in communication. it's all well and good until you're in Cupertino and taking an 11:30 pm call because they have 0 hours of overlap... guess you can force them to work US hours, but that goes to culture as well.

Are they trying to show that India's workplace is more compliant and they'll just do what corp types will tell them?


I worked at Amazon for almost 10 years and I hate, repeat hate working with India teams. Their quality is subpar, period. No other way to put it


Racist much? I work out of Europe and manage teams both in India and Europe. My experience have pleasantly gotten better with Indian teams. If the quality is sub-par then perhaps you're not a good manager? perhaps failing upwards?


There are cultural factors you need to overcome, and it's with every international team. I am not going to simplify this, because it's a multi-faceted thing, but focusing on a single thing, for instance, propagation of bad news, India is an intensely competitive market and I need to make it abundantly clear I want to hear the bad news as soon as possible, and that I don't care about blame, as long as we learn from mistakes. From the US, I often get bad news sandwiched between good ones, so I need to redouble attention.

This is a huge topic.


I am from Europe and I have worked with many Europeans, Americans and Asians. Quality of sub-contractor colleagues from India was, same as from anywhere else, directly proportional to what the company paid for them. Good pay = skilled and hard-working. Cheap labour = barely any skills and hardly working.


Nah. Its probably a case of 'you get what you pay for'. They pay for cheap teams, and those teams give them what they pay for. Good talent is expensive in all countries - even if it is relatively cheaper in India compared to SF. The MBAs don't even want to pay that much. They want dirt cheap.


India is just like every other country. Ive worked with very bad developers in India, unbearable, and I've worked with excellent developers that I would hire again in an instant.


quality is at par with price you pay


offshoring isn't limited to India. devs in Canada, Europe, and South America are superb and cheap


We are inexpensive but not cheap ;)


I have similar experience but with Americans. They knew very superficially about the business and completely dependent on our Indian team to get them out of their troubles. Troubles caused by again not knowing and just trusting another team (donno where they were from) to handle their issues. This isn't a one off case either. So get off your high horse. Both countries have qualified and unqualified people in tech and other fields. Just calling yourself the greatest country in the world doesn't change the fact that all of US depends on immigration


I gotta agree with the parent comment about teams in india. No high horses required.

Just seemed like a bunch of Bootcamp grads not caring about work and quality. There were, of course, some competent workers there, but most seemed to have gotten hired through favoritism, not competency.

India seems to have this reputation that the entire population is made up of tech geniuses, but they have a similar ratio of idiots as anywhere else.


The geniuses came to the USA and became people like Satya Nadella


US college grads cant get jobs at Google. Google uses a staffing agency called "Cognizant" that is based 100% in India. $15/hr Cognizant workers recently asked for minimum wage & benefits in CA & Google announced they will not pay workers minimum wage or benefits IN THE US.

Google replaced long-term workers with these contractors to evade labor laws. There are over 275k workers on H1 visas in Santa Clara county alone. Those contracts end & Google replaces them with lower paid positions doing the same work. This is why Google's products don't work as well & also why it can no longer compete or innovate. Google's terrible AI is not the reason for these layoffs. Google's mass layoff have a chilling effect on workers. The message is that if they make any waves or stand up for their rights, they will be replaced. The goal is not to innovate. The goal is to cut costs while minimally maintaining products the entire world is forced to use. Since users have no options, they dont need good products.

I am sure workers try as hard as they can due to the massive power imbalance of having your citizenship status tied to your job. Tech has literally replaced the population of an entire region with H1 visas for one reason only, to cut costs. After starting a severe homeless crisis & destroying a state, Google is now moving to the cheap labor in India & Mexico. This is called transnationalism & US corporations have been doing since the 70s. It might seem like this could be good for India, but Google has no interest in bringing India up. Google only wants to make sure it always has a cheap, desperate pool of labor to exploit. This is the real reason for Googles constant layoffs. Google has been breaking US antitrust & tax laws for years. Its now blatantly breaking US labor laws & neither CA or the US govt cares. The US seems to be more interested in protecting the worst monopoly in history. The only reason Google makes money is by selling user data to anyone & with predatory ads. I am certain US enemies are very aware of the huge data breach thats likely to happen through the sketchy staffing agencies Google uses & the sheer number of unvetted temporary employees that revolve in and out of Googles doors.


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Nah. This isn't the reason. The reasons to quality drops are economical / just a result of how anyone runs the place.

Here are some reasons why quality drops with foreign / powerless workers:

* Job is an asset. More so in poorer countries where even a low-paid US job makes a huge difference in terms of earnings in local currency. This is also, to a lesser degree what happens to visa workers. Fear to speak up. Fear to say anything that contradicts boss' plan. Losing a job like this has much more severe repercussions to the employee than if they were locals who can simply move on to another job just like the one they were fired from.

* Comprehension. No matter how good employee's English is, it's still the second language. It will make communication difficult. Beside the language, it's also often that employees who live in poorer countries have never seen either the equipment they are writing for, nor the customers who are going to use their products because simply don't exist in their countries. We rely on such shared experiences when we communicate the goals or when omitting details we even don't explicitly think about, while to the foreigners this could be completely unknown and unexpected.

* Work ethics are different between cultures. Vertical relationships in work hierarchies can be very different in different countries, which can easily prevent vital information from reaching its target. The desirable properties of employees are evaluated differently. Also, different cultures will have different ways to slack, which may not be easily recognizable to the other side.

----

In other words: it's hard to reliably transfer ideas (s.a. requirements, acceptance criteria, compensation etc.) across cultures, and this leads to failures. It's not necessary to put the blame on just one part of the team: both teams fail to communicate, and to ensure quality... but this also means that either teams' complaints are very legitimate and relate to some objective reality. Although some may start jumping to conclusions that try to explain this through racial stereotypes... actually trying to interpret the real problems through the scope of racial stereotype is what's bad about said stereotype.


The parent comment is about Amazon employees in India.

Your point #1 contradicts itself when you say "if they were locals who can simply move on to another job" --> Indians working India are the "locals" who can move onto another job. And Indian tech industry is very well developed, its not difficult to find another job, certainly not for those working in MAANG companies.

Entirely disagree with point #2, people can learn a language if they use it long enough. And Indians are no strangers to speaking multiple languages. The bilingual population of India exceeds the total population of US.

Its also extremely ignorant (maybe even racist) to suggest that people in India have not seen the equipment or the customers. Frankly, this is the most abhorrent part of your comment for me. Like I said, ignorance, hatred, and racism seeps through in any conversation.

Also, if a company care so much about quality of work, they can ship the equipment to India. Or does shipping not exist there either? Lastly, speaking of Amazon, which equipment is this exactly? Or what customers?

I somewhat agree with your point #3, but for a company like Amazon the hiring process is pretty much standardized. Its leetcode, leadership principles and system design for the higher levels. How much variation in evaluation can there be for such a standardized process?

> Although some may start jumping to conclusions that try to explain this through racial stereotypes...

And it needs to be called out. Unfortunately, it has become all to acceptable to be racist against Indians online. Even in channels like hacker news.


> Your point #1 contradicts itself when you say "if they were locals who can simply move on to another job"

OK, I need to clarify: another equivalent job. If you are local in the US, then all local jobs are "somewhat" equivalent (of course they are different, but they are within the same range). But, if you work in India (or any similar country) for an international company, or for the local Indian company -- that's a world of difference.

I'm not from India, but I know this situation from Eastern Europe. India wouldn't be very different in this regard.


Disagree. India has a vibrant startup ecosystem that is growing everyday and has produced some good companies like Zomato, Swiggy, Meesho, Zoho, Postman etc and their pay is definitely "somewhat" equivalent for the India cost of living.

In addition to the Indian startups like the ones I mentioned above, India is also a favored outsourcing destination and, because of the population its a huge market for many companies. Most global tech companies have development offices in India and pay good enough salaries for the local market. I'd say that in terms of raw numbers US >> India, but in terms of mobility and options and pay that matches cost of living, they are pretty much the same, with US trying to reduce employee mobility via hostile visa programs.

I am not Eastern European, but I have not heard of many eastern european startups that made it to billions of users. Nor do I hear it as a favored outsourcing destination, not nearly as favored as India. So its not surprising that its hard to find equivalent jobs over there.


Well, if it's an Indian startup targeting an international market: it's an international company in the making.

While you can name half a dozen of them, there are thousands that are nothing like that.


> While you can name half a dozen of them, there are thousands that are nothing like that.

lol Isn't that the story of startups anywhere on earth?

Anyway, I don't think you understood my point. All I am saying is that there are "somewhat equivalent" options for job seekers in India. And that the market in US and India is not that different and Indian market is certainly not like eastern european market.

> Well, if it's an Indian startup targeting an international market: it's an international company in the making.

Well technically one can get to a Billion users without ever having to think of the international market.


In this tech job environment the US google employee is willing to do as many 11:30 nights as needed to keep his high paying tech job, and management knows it


Management is dumb if they think that. You can't announce year long continuous layoffs, and expect people to work hard. What will the hard working employees get in return if they get laid off? Most US Google Employees are smart people, they should know that now is the time to prepare to get off that tech island, and quiet quitting is the way.


RTO has been instituted and there not much you can do to prepare for a whole career change when in the office…

And esp for those with families they might be dependent on big tech comp to support their family in high CoL areas, else have to move their kids and school or make big lifestyle downgrades

Management holds the cards and they know it. Lesson for workers is to live way below your means while you still can


Last I checked google was in hybrid mode. That is 3 days a week in office max. Also, Last I checked a week was 7 days. Lastly, its not whole career change. Switching from Google to Netflix as a software engineer is not a career change.

I disagree that management holds the cards. Jobs are being threatened whether you work hard or not. You can double your productivity and still be cut in the next round of layoffs (and suffer burnout, stress, depression etc). In such a situation, it makes sense to quiet quit and prepare yourself for the time when you do get cut. Besides savings, the lesson here is to prioritize self over a job every day. In fact, if management did held the cards, they'd make the move that increases productivity and morale, not alienates the entire workforce.

Also I think those with families should be extra motivated to interview elsewhere in the current climate. They should be more scared of getting laid off and ending up jobless than having to move to another city with a new job.


> That is 3 days a week in office max. Also, Last I checked a week was 7 days.

Apparently weekends don't exist for you?


You go to office on weekends?


if you don't perform, then you get PIP'ed if you don't get PIP'ed, you'll get laid off


You will get laid off whether you perform or not is the general rule right now. Thus I feel the best move for employees is to prioritize and prepare for what comes after lay offs.


Great idea for who? Not for paying customers.


Who else, shareholders and executive compensation


Ah yes of course, the short term needful.


There are quite a few defined benefit pension funds and 401k/IRAs that depend on the publicly listed businesses’s continuous long term price increases to meet people’s goals of being able to use their “assets” to buy the quality of life they want in retirement.

Certainly does not seem like the “short term” needful to me. US tech stocks are basically carrying a large portion of politically active US voters past the finish line.


Anecdotally, I've heard this is the case at more than one major tech firm, and will likely have caught on since many of the same companies already laid off many recruiters during "difficult decisions for the very harsh economic environment for hiring that we caused, are largely immune to, and are now using as cover to cut costs and increase stock prices via huge buybacks"


Top talent is based outside of USA too


What is a MAAN_


I'm guessing "Meta, Amazon, Apple, Netflix, and Google" but with a "_" for some reason


Why is Netflix still included? They should be kicked out, I haven’t heard anything tech about the, for years now.

Then we can go with Meta Apple Google Amazon, or MAGA for short. Ok, not a good look that one.


Because they still pay $500k cash.


The thing with Netflix is that they have such few open roles and there are plenty of other liquid high comp companies that pay similar. It was all about the original stock growth that just stuck I guess


This highly depends on your skillset. Most employers with equivalent liquid comp will be HFT, and you will be writing C++.

Netflix is the only employer I know of where an Android or iOS IC can make liquid 500k+ TC without RSUs.


What's IC


individual contributor


What does "cash" mean in this context, as opposed to if the word wasn't included?


They famously don't pay you in equity at all. If you work at Netflix and want NFLX stock, you buy it yourself.


Because that's how you get FAAG


Now it's MAAMA (Microsoft, Apple, Amazon, Meta, Alphabeth)


_ is for Alphabet


then why not MAAANG?. Much better acronym, but then I just say big N.


We can still call Alphabet Google, just like everyone calls X Twitter. Clunky rebrands don't have to be accepted by everyone.

Edit: Personally I'm in favor of sorting by present market cap, so it's MANGAM.


Google never rebranded. It's still Google. They just had all these unrelated moonshots like Verily and Waymo that didn't make sense to keep pretending were a part of Google.


Isn't the Google CEO also Alphabet CEO now because they didn't manage to make them 2 actual independent companies?


I wouldn't be surprised if the change was tax related.


Is this a reverse sort?


Even better, why don’t we just get rid of the unwieldy acronyms altogether and simply refer to them as “major tech companies”? It’s clearer and avoids the constant reshuffling every time the market shifts.


People have a strange attachment to catchy mnemonics that Jim Cramer was using in 2014.


Can’t we just stick with FANG?

Sure, the acronym doesn’t mean anything anymore, but at least everyone knows what it means.


The N stands for Microsoft


There’s no other option besides MANGA. Anything else is f-ing lame


GANMA


NadellaSoft?


Nicrosoft


the layoffs are to fearmonger employees to stop asking for more, duh


i got caught up in this :( really sad about the whole thing; this was by far the best job i've had in my 20-year career (including other teams at google), and i do not know if i will ever have another one as good. we were a chronically understaffed team supporting a large part of the python ecosystem at google, and we did some amazing work over the years.


Seriously, what is the reason for this move?

The language is so good and well known that they don't need a dedicated team to do these activites you talked about?

Or are they hiring cheaper workers?

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40171125#40176438

I don't understand such a move, because all AI is developed in pytorch. I think that google uses JAX and pytorch.


they are building a new python team from scratch in munich, for whatever reason. yeah, it doesn't make sense to me either.


Salary, right? I have to imagine at one point the gap between US devs and European devs is starting to be felt


The team wasn't US based - GP is in .nl...


As others have pointed out, OP is in NL, but the rest of the team was in the US.


I am sure you will find another job that you really like. Well you said you guys were seriously understaffed but that makes it more nonsense to fire them. So were you guys working on a specific project and will those guys from munich continue on it.


we were working on a ton of stuff (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40176338) - pretty sure the munich team will need to pick up most or all of it.


I’m sorry to hear that.

It does not make sense at all. Python cython is a complex ecosystem. It is very difficult for new engineers to pick up speed.

Do you think there is some priority change? Like more focus on internal use case, instead of upstream contribution?


i doubt there is much room for a priority change. as i said elsewhere, we were a pretty understaffed team, so we were already very focused on the highest value internal use cases. we did have a couple of people who also worked on the core python interpreter, but that was only a fraction of their duties, and even our open source and upstream contributions were driven by stuff that google also needed done.


The Python Foundation team should spin off and make an AI company. Would probably receive a lot of interest from investors.


In my mind it would make sense if there are some laws to which they want to adhere, perhaps something EU-related (GDPR? IDK), and moving to Munich might be a good way of prioritizing. Perhaps something US-related they don't like, see for example that TikTok is an AI company and yeah, or the KYC-related stuff [1]. However, I am talking out of my ass, I don't really keep up with laws, upcoming bills or anything like that. :shrug:

[1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40158752


@zem maybe you would be interested in what we do http://tektonic.ai please let me know at nic.surpatanu@tektonic.ai We are looking for an ML + DSL engineer to imagine and build our execution runtime and dev platform.


Care to weigh in about what you reckon happened? Surely the company didn't suddenly lose its need of the Python ecosystem?


i reckon we simply got offshored, since they're now building a whole new python team in munich, though i don't know whether for cost reasons or to expand the languages presence in the munich office or both.


Gateway to cheap developers in Eastern Europe, Poland, Ukraine, etc


I would have expected countries like Poland to have a mature enough IT ecosystem that Google could have just moved there directly if they wanted. Why stop over at one of Europe's most expensive places to get talent if that was to goal?


because it's easier to get Polish, Czech, Ukranian engineers to move to Munich than Dutch, UK, German etc. to move to eastern europe I assume


aren't all european countries cheaper than the USA in terms of salary, including Germany?


They are, but Germany has pesky expensive things like unions, employee contracts, and benefits. Keep heading east and it gets an order of magnitude cheaper than Germany.


Why would they lay off the existing team first, rather than spin up the new team, have the old team train the new team, and give old team members a chance to move countries if they wanted?


I can only speculate: some directors/vps got headcount reduction goals (reduce eng cost by XXX with deadline at XXX), and they couldn't meet those goals if the layoff is to be delayed until the new team is fully operational.


This. There was a sudden push to reduce costs and people with decision power tried to make sure their teams won't get affected.


i honestly don't know, except perhaps to say "this is what google is now". your "rather than" is definitely how it used to be done in the past.


Google is an AI first company

Google's future is strictly tied to its AI products

All AI is written with Python.

Google lays off all Python team.

Segmentation fault


Okay, let's debug this logic. Google is AI-focused, true, but they're not a one-trick pony. Python's great for Al, but it's not the ONLY language. And mass-firing your Python team seems...counterproductive. Segmentation fault indeed!


Well it mostly still is a one-trick pony: ads. It has kept trying to not be a one-trick pony for a decade. In the latest report, Cloud and Hardware did add up to around 25%, so they are getting closer.

They've been trying to focus on AI, but with moves like this, their position in AI will likely end up matching their position in Cloud vs AWS/Azure.


> All AI is written with Python.

Only high-level is written in python, low level is Cuda that is a form of C.

Also, you would think the first to replace workers with AI would be the AI companies like Google.


CUDA is not C, it is a polyglot stack for GPGPU, using C++ memory semantics, with C, C++ and Fortran compilers, and anything else able to target PTX bytecode, including Julia, .NET, Haskell, Python JIT, Java,...


Yes, and not to repeat myself: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40182940


Python is only used for prototyping within google. All production ai code is run on c++


Yes, production code is C++, but the way the models are built is Python code, colab, save via Orbax/TF SavedModel, etc and then serve in C++. All (most, to hedge it) development is done via Python.

I don't directly develop the models, I played with some for fuzzing [1] and I'm working on security for them [2]. And, before joining GOSST, I was leading the OSS DevInfra team in TF. I still have the most number of commits made by a human [3] even after 2 days of leaving the team, though I see the next person only needs 4 more :)

[1]: https://security.googleblog.com/2023/08/ai-powered-fuzzing-b... [2]: https://security.googleblog.com/2023/10/increasing-transpare... [3]: https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/graphs/contributors


Hello! Can I ask you for some random career advice? I am mid-career, in a low-level mgmt position but want to return to being an IC. My team's tech stack is Python and Kotlin, but in my position I don't get to code. I code for fun at home but it gravitates towards Python (as it is highly relevant for doing Deep Learning work). My question is if I ever go into a backend role, what language best lets me get into a deep tech position at a MANG. With Python's limited use in production in MANGS, I don't see how I'll pass the Leetcode coding interviews. I used to do distributed systems a long time ago and really miss it (Did professional work in C,C++, Java, Go and Erlang/Elixir but it has been a while). I have a child now that takes up a lot of time, so I can't invest in getting good (again) in too many languages. I also have generally bad memory (remembering all the functions in std lib in Java or STL in C++ is just impossible anymore). I generally love coding but my algorithms are pretty rusty too. Advice on how to pick a darn tech stack? Thank you.


It's not language, it's experience, network, and having a differentiator that makes potential employers say, "Wow, we need to hire brutus1213 for our team because they have a really unique skill at <X>!" (X could be Kubernetes, deep learning, Erlang, whatever... the more uncommon, the better though.)

To that end, focus heavily on whatever exists in the vertex of what you're good at (which did you like and excel at of those things you did?) and a growth area (example: Python, C++ and the multitudinous ways they continue to be used together in AI etc).

So you have to look at what existing leverage you have and build upon that foundation. It will be very difficult to get a role without getting some hands on experience back first, so where I'd start is, could you step down to become IC at your current job? I'd be more interested to evaluate a candidate doing Python/Kotlin that wants to move into something adjacent than someone in management who just wants to be a dev again.


VBA.

Good luck!


I retired (after 18+ years at Google) last August, and as of that date A LOT of production code used languages different from C++ -- Go, Java, Kotlin, AND Python, plus a few more (Rust, Dart, and many others). In my successful, long career at Google I did use C++ (I had "readability" in C++), but rarely: only when "ridiculous scalability" was needed.

For example, collecting Stackoverflow posts about GCP products, and distributing the needed subsets of them among vendors and employees in tech support to potentially answer, comment, edit, vote on, re-tag, &c, used to be all Python (and the "scale" was a few hundred or thousands of posts and people at a time -- ridiculously small "by Google `production` standards", and perfectly adequate for the much-higher-programmer-productivity Python has always afforded... I know, because I did the vast majority of that coding, including maintenance, ongoing monitoring of performance, and VERY occasional optimizations if and when monitoring showed them to be desirable).

That was the core of my job for my last several years at Google -- I won't even list the many other NON-prototyping tasks I did in previous years (decades, almost), the vast majority of them in Python. And -- the majority of my performance reviews during those 18+ years were rated "exceeds expectations", so it seems that world-class Python skill (which clearly was crucial to me getting a hiring offer back in 2004, though, alas, visa issues delayed my start to early 2005) were extremely useful for at least some of us Google engineers.

Alex


That is quite the claim, any source?

Edit: I guess I'm not sure on whether large training runs count as prod or not. They're certainly expensive and mission critical.


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I have worked on a team which trains foundation models


And no one’s used anything other than Python? The core of Tensorflow uses C++


Many parts of tensorflow required Python- at least when I worked there a few years ago, it was nearly impossible to compile XLA into a saved model and execute it from pure C++ code.


The claim was that Python is only used for prototyping at Google, not that people are writing the AI frameworks themselves in pure Python.

JAX is obviously implemented in C++, but the scientists running the training runs which cost millions of dollars are writing lots of python.



Even still, the need to prototype does not go away.


> All AI is written with Python.

Type error on line 3: “Python” is not a valid type for “all AI”.


You seem to imply that Google won't have a Python team... Google replaced it with a cheaper (and quite likely worse) alternative. They are still going to do the same thing (at least they believe so). They aren't changing direction or anything like that.

It's unfortunate that we'll likely never know what was the actual reason they decided that the old team was... overpaid? overstaffed? overly something else?

Saving money on workforce isn't the most sound business decision. After all, workforce is what generates the revenues. If you buy cheaper workforce, you should be getting ready to also lose some revenue due to quality drop... well, in large brush strokes. Maybe, in some situations the product was overpriced and making it cheaper by lowering the quality does make financial sense... Hard to tell.


Yes, I admit that this was a little bit reductionistic. I was aiming it to be mostly a joke about the situation, didn't expect it to garner so much response


People are focusing on verbage and precision, but are missing the point.

Having a well-maintained Python tooling is essential for _any_ company who does AI. While smaller companies can get away with open source solutions, for bigger companies it is unavoidable to have teams dedicated to maintaining and supporting Python tooling.

This announcement is troubling, and may indicate one of the two: 1) Google is in dire situation, and there is no more fat to cut, so they are starting to cut muscle. 2) Google management is clueless and cannot discriminate between fat and muscle.


I suspect it’s 2. Local organizational optimizations to garner promotions for middle-managers and without regard for systemic impact.


Well, it seems like it isn't 1, as everything indicates that Google is doing better financially than ever: https://www.forbes.com/sites/dereksaul/2024/04/25/google-soa...


> Google is an AI first company

Google is an ad first company

FTFY


Adtech used AI to make money before it was cool. You wouldn't believe how many ML models are required to build those shitty little pieces of HTML.


Everybody used AI before it was cool. In fact people avoided the very term AI because it was uncool.

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_winter#AI_winter_of_the_199...

> Many researchers in AI in the mid 2000s deliberately called their work by other names, such as informatics, machine learning, analytics, knowledge-based systems, business rules management, cognitive systems, intelligent systems, intelligent agents or computational intelligence, to indicate that their work emphasizes particular tools or is directed at a particular sub-problem. Although this may be partly because they consider their field to be fundamentally different from AI, it is also true that the new names help to procure funding by avoiding the stigma of false promises attached to the name "artificial intelligence".[49][50]


Exactly. If Google's ads income suddenly got cut in half, most teams would be impacted


And how exactly do you think ads get served?


Poorly, in most cases, via various flavors of JavaScript and derived frameworks therein. Sometimes with additional overhead referred to as "targeting" which gives a worse outcome and user experience, regardless, over simpler implementations that serve to inform. Targeting forgets causality, typically.

Next comes YELLING-LOUDLY-TO-COME-DOWN-TO-THE-LOCAL-CAR-DEALERSHIP-FOR-NO-MONEY-DOWN-OFFERS phase of advertisements, which type are also routinely and nearly uniformly ignored.


Sounds like you should start a trillion dollar ad business! Or if you're worried about ethics start a "niche" billion dollar ad business that only serves ethical ads!


> Poorly, in most cases, via various flavors of JavaScript and derived frameworks therein

Is Google using JS for the backend ad serving / AI?


Not sure. I'm referring to Front End, however, since the advertisee does not see the backend.


Flutter team (Front End), was also axed.


it's an adverts company, when i looked in the past 80% of the revenue came from the ads unit


Did you miss this? > ... and you're asked to onboard their replacements, people told to take those very same roles just in a different country who are not any happier about it.


Google isn't AI first


[flagged]


mihai is an ml engineer who works at google.


The post could have been made clearer. And also I’m surprised but they are good at scale.


Why, exactly. Do you not have the ability to take information and draw conclusions on your own -- like a functionally mindless automaton lacking a frontal lobe?


It wasn't made evidently clear.

> take information and draw conclusions on your own

That's exactly what I did do. I don't approve with your kindest choice of words, nonetheless you, being a lucky sperm, also have the right of free speech


What people / HN don't understand is does the work they do really a 10 person $5Million per year value to Google or can it be done by Two really smart Python Experts.

The problem with Tech layoffs is not that they weren't doing important work, it is that there were large teams to do what essentially can be done by two-person teams.


That really doesn't jive with this description of how much they were doing. Let me guess, this mythical two person team could also build Twitter and Uber over a weekend?

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40176338


Your point notwithstanding, Twitter was originally built by a two person team over couple of weeks.


They built a prototype (probably in Rails, lol). Thousands of people built Twitter, including many who have never written a line of code in their lives.


Really, no shit, I thought it was one guy and his cat who did all the coding for everything


That's interesting, but two people over a couple of weeks isn't the same as one person claiming they could build it over one weekend.


> it is that there were large teams to do what essentially can be done by two-person teams.

You're mistaking their intent, they are actually okay with less work being done. It's a desire to simply hit the reset button and see how much money they can save, and how much they need to build up the team again. They know it harms productivity but maybe something cheaper will come out of it. They are gambling.


Outside of the ML groups, Google really doesn't like Python and there's very little of it in the codebase. This move isn't surprising in that light.

Also, Google is IBM at this point, so I would expect a lot of IBM-like moves.


Former googler. It's very team dependent. My first team was 100% c++, I moved to a sub team that was 100% python. There's a lot of it around


Very little at the scale of this codebase is still a lot.

From where I sit (SRE), I see a lot of Python which is very much mission critical.


is it really Python though ?


yes, SRE uses loads of python, despite a decade+ pseudo-mandate to encourage Go


I have heard that SRE teams can get away with this on the idea that SREs usually are not as good at software engineering as SWEs, so some bad engineering practices can fly.

I never saw Python actually get used, though, in the projects I worked on.


That's not my experience.

First, there are two SRE ladders: SRE-SWE and SRE-SysEng. SRE-SWE have the same interviews and hiring bar as SWEs. SysEng have less coding interviews but I think the interview questions are more practical and less algorithm oriented.

Still, SREs are subject to the same rules and policies as SWEs when it comes to submitting code.

And in the end, I don't see why using python on some projects would be a bad engineering practice


This is blatantly false, along with the idea that there’s only very little python.


On the scale of the company, Python is a very small language, and the very important stuff is 100% not in Python. However, 100,000 people work at Google, and probably over a million have it on their resume, so "small" at Google is "big" for a lot of people.

Google can definitely afford (in technical terms) to be a follower rather than a leader when it comes to Python.


Well over 100m lines of Python as has been publicly stated several times over the years is not "very little".


In a codebase of 13+ trillion lines it's very little.


Google has published that it is at about 2 billion LoC not including experiments and scratch use. I don't know if the 100 million lines of Python includes experiments. Also, if the number is old, there is a chance that the number of lines of Python has actually gone down over the years due to the (soft) mandate to stop using it.


Correction, outside of the ML groups and anything related to CI/infra. Especially if you remember that Starlark[0] is a dialect of Python.

And that’s without going into all the outside-of-g3 code (of which there is a metric ton, especially if you worked with any teams that deal with hardware or third-party/acquisition stuff).

0. https://github.com/bazelbuild/starlark


Starlark is not Python. It feels like Python when you write it, but it's very different in a lot of ways that really matter.

A lot of people don't realize that the issues that python haters (myself included) have aren't generally about the look and feel of the language, but about how many sharp edges the language has for maintenance and scaling. Python 4 could fix all of these things if they ever did it.


I agree with you on this, but just saying, there is plenty of actual python (not starlark) at Google, all over the most crucial places (which a lot of people who haven’t touched those don’t even realize exist).

Personal example - the fleet of hardware prototypes (that I used to work on) used for hardware-in-the-loop testing (basically the hardware version of CI/CD) was pretty much reliant on python. Anything that was compact enough to be accomplished by a script and generic enough (open this serial connection, write to that memory address, etc.), the de-facto default choice was almost always python.

But I fully agree with you otherwise, in a sense that I haven’t seen much of a gigantic python codebase consisting of a bunch of interconnected python modules, like you would see with other popular languages at Google (e.g., C++/Java/JS).


This is not true, for example the entire mobile test infrastructure is written in python.


>Outside of the ML groups

Google is also going all in on ML (or AI if you prefer).


They seem to support Python quite widely. There are a handful of languages that have an API for google cloud and the likes, Python is one of them


There’s a ton of python all over the place. You don’t know what you’re talking about.


maybe they plan to adopt mojo


Mojo developers will not be different from Python developers, also Mojo is still very unstable. Chris Lattner said last May that he expected Mojo to be usable in 18 months, so within the next 7 - 8 months


Getting a python readability review seems downright impossible in my org.


Which languages would you say google prefers these days? But also in light of what an early SWE might want to focus on to maximize career options?


Honest answer, only C++.


C++, Java, and Go are the languages for backends IIRC. I think Typescript is the frontend language of choice.


Kotlin has been seeing more and more usage as well, even outside of Android:

https://youtu.be/hXfGybzWaiA?t=972&si=1Wsgb0wOmXOi3_hC


Python is mostly the Perl of the current day. And it attracts tons of beginners, that also means nearly equivalent amount of bad code(Just like in the Perl days).

These days if you are doing serious work, you simply use Java. Especially if you want something running for years. Java is really the only option you have.

A decade back I interviewed at a major telecommunications firm. Python was the new fashion then, they were trying to rewrite a fairly big Java code base to Python. Anyway I didn't get the job. My friend did. After a few years of this they realised, Python was not a serious alternative for an application of that nature. And abandoned it midway.

I know several other banks that have had a similar arc. Python is an amazing glue language and perfect for lots of automation and adhoc glue work. Its just not meant to be a serious alternative for long term, stable applications which are typically written in Java/C++.

Other languages like golang have come up in the past. While they are really good for smaller applications. They are just not there for something serious. 'Simplicity' has different meanings in different contexts. Either way, I think both Python and Java are here to stay and will be used for tasks where they are good at.

But we are now past the 'Python for everything' days.


Even as a lifelong java dev, this is a silly take.

Python is an absolutely lovely language. It is not the 'perl of it's day'. In my experience, things get hairy when you start building bigger systems that require a lot of collaboration but you can probably do away with most of the pitfalls if you use type hints. Beyond that, it's main downside is performance but you would be shocked how little code you have to convert to C/C++ to remove bottlenecks.

You are right that most large orgs choose a language like java, but I'd also argue that C# and golang are good fits as well. They're fast, and they have a garbage collector. I suppose typescript / node could be in that same category but I steer away from that stack as a backend dev.


Do you realise how your comment sounds? No actual reason for any of the opinions, just "this happened" and words like "serious". What does serious means, is it type safe or something? Can you try again with substance?


I think it's a copy pasta.


Someone should rewrite this but Rust instead of Java; it would be a perfect meme.


I guess Instagram, Threads, Reddit, Uber, and Spotify aren’t serious long term applications.


I'm not sure i'd cite Reddit as a positive example of such a thing.


You wouldn’t cite Reddit as a positive example of successfully using Python to run a large scale, high traffic application?


That's what i'm saying. The frequency with which the site just loses the plot and fails to load, or fails to carry out some action or other, is orders of magnitude higher than anything else i use.


I rarely get server errors on Reddit despite its massive scale… It’s the client which is a tire-fire. People blame React but that doesn’t have anything to do with it either. It’s just utter shit.


Exactly! The third-party apps used to load everything seamlessly.

Whatever it's coded in, the back-end of reddit is pretty robust and well-done (maybe excluding the video hosting part and whatever new laggy crap they put in)

It's the new front-end of reddit that's a huge dumpster-fire.


> Its just not meant to be a serious alternative for long term, stable applications which are typically written in Java/C++

The what, now?


Using Python for a serious backend thing at a telecom firm is a big no-no, and I say that as a guy who has been paid to write Python code for almost 20 years now.


Python's absolutely fine to use for a "serious backend thing" at a telecom firm.

It's a language that attracts casuals, but that does not mean it's incapable of being used for serious software engineering. The only scenarios where I wouldn't use python for a "serious backend thing" are scenarios in which there are dramatic cost/performance/etc consequences resulting from the overhead of using python which would be substantially reduced if using $lowLevelLanguage. Even then, there's always the option of outsourcing specific units of functionality to say, c++, anywhere the performance difference actually matters.

I would say that for the vast majority of use cases, acceptable performance could be easily achieved by simply writing better python.

Writing this reply brought to mind some absolutely atrociously inefficient ORM code I encountered in a python codebase recently. If you don't have an understanding of how to utilize SQL efficiently, it doesn't matter what language you're using to construct the SQL queries, the software engineering equivalent of warcrimes is possible in any language.


The post suggests their jobs were offshored. Is this a common practice versus just closing the roles? I feel like US legislators should do more to protect domestic jobs from domestic companies, or else they’ll face the same eventual collapse as in manufacturing.


Yes it’s common. At Google and across America.

When Google did its massive 12k person layoff they moved a lot of those roles to places like India. They had another tranche of layoffs that were “delayed exit” to train those Indian employees.


You can call me bigoted or racist, I don't care. The fact is with moving technical roles to India quality plummets. But I can totally see how in some beancounter's narrow mind this makes perfect sense.


In this case its Munich I think based on previous comments. Also, in India things depend on who you hire and how much you're willing to pay (like everywhere else). If you pay a salary you expect in rural Alabama in the Bay Area for a tech job you'll attract shitty devs as well.

You comment isn't wrong. I've observed the same thing but only when things get outsourced to low cost consulting shops. If Google pays decently in India (which I think they do), they'll get much better devs. There's a pretty strong start-up ecosystem and dev culture but as with everything you need to pay good $$ - as in not 10% of bay area pay but closer to 60-70% of it to attract top talent.


General formula that majority of big tech MAG7 companies apply when it comes to India is "3 times HC than Bay area". If you see pay data for these companies, that seems to be correct with salaries in Bangalore to be 1/3 of salaries in Bay area.


Every company thinks that they're going to hack the system. They think that they'll be the first American company to ever outsource and get the best developers. But all of the best developers are happily working for local companies, and they don't want to have to deal with an American boss.


> all of the best developers ...

... have already left the country.

It's a joke, but not really.


That's not bigoted or racist. There are two forces when it comes to pricing labor:

1. The forces that dictate the lowest price.

2. The forces that dictate the highest price.

These are completely orthogonal to each other.

Lowest price is based on cost of living, you can hire the cheapest person as long as you pay them enough for them to keep on eating. That's it. Notably this lower-end is going to have a lot of variance based on location.

Highest price is based on how much value a worker creates for a business, the highest price that you can pay that worker is somewhere that leaves the business with a margin profit. Of course it is in the businesses best interest to increase the margin for themselves, but as talent becomes harder to find, fat margins become less of a necessity and more of a nice-to-have. The job needs to get done or their golden-egg machine will die.

So!

You go to the lowest price at a another country, that's what you get in quality. Execs think that people are replaceable so they believe that the average X is the same here as it is anywhere else, the only difference to them is cost.

So yeah. You are not racist for pointing out that quality suffers due to cost cutting through offshoring. The lower cost-of-living countries (such as India) still have top tier talent, but that talent is priced similarly across the world, they are smart and they price themselves according to the value they bring.


very nice reply. Along these lines, one problem many founders face is when professional management (new investors, board members) focus mono-maniacally on repeatability, unit economics, and generally ultimate fungible staffing. One way this is achieved (sometimes even deliberately) is to buy the cheapest, most easily replaceable inputs and do anything necessary to make the new configuration work. Staffing is a key tactic come hell or high water. This can cause obvious cultural issues.


Cut salaries 90% and quality will drop. It's a false economy however you slice it or wherever the replacements are based. It never works.


> The fact is with moving technical roles to India quality plummets.

Of course your assessment of those who can literally steal your job from under you is fair and unbiased


Disney famously did this, I think it was tech support for their Florida parks.


>When Google did its massive 12k person layoff they moved a lot of those roles to places like India.

But remember, everyone has to be 'in office' for collaboration! /s


This might be my prejudice but when someone talks about offshoring a role, moving it to Munich isn't the first thing that comes to mind. It may be slightly cheaper than California but not by so much that if expect it to be the main reason for doing so.


You might think twice if you looked at the figures; the numbers in this article comparing US and UK wages are astounding: https://www.wsj.com/finance/investing/britain-white-collar-j...

(and this article goes into the rationale too. Basically the idea is you're paying more than you would in a developing economy, but you can trust the team with more autonomy and fewer cultural misunderstandings, so it's an option for offshoring higher-value work)


> cultural misunderstandings

It's funny that you think that being located in Europe the positions will be stuffed with Europeans...

I'm in this exact situation: work for American company, while living in the EU. Am not a EU citizen (Eastern Europe / Middle East). More than half of those working with me are foreigners too. Eastern Europe, Middle East, Latin America and India would be the most common origin countries. Europe immigrates tech workers by a truckload.

To reflect on the original issue. I'd guess that some manager either hated some other manager, or was looking for a promotion or was just dumb and executed some instruction in the stupidest way possible... there doesn't seem to be any apparent reason to move a team like that. Even if the team was entirely rehired in the poorest place on Earth, we are still talking about ten people. Whatever difference Google makes from the move is not even peanuts. If there's a manager being rewarded for this stupid idea, their bonus will probably be more than whatever savings this move can possibly generate.

I don't believe there's any actual rational justification for this move. Just middle management being middle management.


Whether they are or not they presumably speak English well and are familiar with anglophone culture if they’re living in the UK.


There are many layers to "being familiar with anglo culture"... being able to understand technical documentation to a degree won't cut it in many cases.

I went through several stages of learning retroactively (i.e. not appropriate to my age) through dating or having otherwise good relationships with someone from the US. So, for example, I've learned about TV shows like Daria or Dr. Who many years after they came out. (And yes, I've learned about Dr. Who from an American friend, and before that I didn't know there's a thing for more educated Americans where they think that Brits are more... refined, not sure if that's the right word).

I'm married to someone born in the US, so, through her and the need of dealing with the kid who grows up primarily speaking English I've learned nursery rhymes, lullabies and a bunch of kids folklore that I would've never come in touch with in my line of work.

More than that, you can perfectly well live in another country and never really know the side of life of the locals if you are never invited to visit, or don't develop very good relationships with the locals. You might never know what home-cooked food looks like because you'd only have access to store-bought or restaurant meals. (Eg. I didn't know that mac-and-cheese was such a common food in the US until I was invited to visit someone in an informal setting). And there's plenty more of it. It'd take a book to try to enumerate all of these.

This both affects the less formal communication one may have with their peers as well as contributes to cultural mixups especially when it comes to customer-facing interfaces.


You know, it makes me wonder how hard it would be to use this divide to actually move to the EU and get residency. Then again, with so many countries having to beef up military spending and facing economic headwinds you really have to question whether all the social / quality of life programs that make europe more livable than the US would be sustainable long term either.

Who knows maybe in 30 years Americans ultimately have a higher quality of life just due to our stronger economic position making it easier to sustainably fund M4A or whatever.


If you work a white-collar job the US standard of living is substantially higher. If you're a laborer the opposite is true but you also probably have a harder time getting in to Europe in the first place.


I really do wonder if our material standard of living really contributes to happiness though? I don't want more 'stuff' I want guaranteed access to healthcare. I want worker and consumer rights. I want a country that recognizes climate change is a real problem and is doing something about it. I want a more fair and representative government actually beholden to the will of the people. I don't need a McMansion, a luxury car, I want a better society. I feel like Europe, or at least the Nordics, have that, and if my parents were not here in the US, I think I'd happily move.


I'm not in a position to tell anyone what to value in life, but I don't personally feel that insecure about my access to healthcare or workplace conditions, and I also feel that a lot of Americans have an unrealistic idea of what life in other countries is like or how their political situation is. For instance, does Norway take climate change more seriously than the US? In some sense they may, but on the other hand they're the world's third-largest exporter of natural gas in the world, after Russia and Qatar. Europe has its own spate of nationalistic far-right politicians, anti-immigrant politics, austerity, and other social ills we don't much think about when using them as a counterpoint to ourselves. We're all participants in a global system, after all.


Norway is kinda caught between a fortunate rock and a hard place. Their gas reserves are absolutely crucial and strategic for security in Europe as a whole. You'll note the country itself went absolutely whole hog on electrifying transport and infrastructure (powered via hydro) so they could export their gas to the rest of europe. This really paid off when Russia cut off oil and natural gas as Europe would have been crippled otherwise.

I suppose healthcare is a major issue for me due to my disability. When I had to get insurance on the private market prior to the ACA I had to go in the high risk pool, which was stupidly expensive even as a SWE. I hear it's better now but every year some Republican gets the bright idea to try to repeal it. I fear with enough of a majority they will.


Everybody tough with their job-dependent healthcare until they are let go because a chronic illness is too debilitating for the demands of the job and they are left with nothing but monthly medical costs of a few tens of thousands of dollars.


Just curious, have you ever lived or spent a significant amount of time in Nordics (or anywhere in Europe)? Generally speaking, I find that people who haven't lived outside the their birth-country often romanticize life in other countries.

I immigrated from the US to another country a while back, and it's not unusual for me to meet newcomers with unrealistic expectations about life in their new home. Often, they go back to their birth-country after a few years, disappointed with the mundane reality of living in a foreign country.

I'm not trying to say that your wrong, necessarily. For some people, life can be better in other countries, but I caution against unrealistic expectations.


I'm grew up in India and went to grad school in the US and worked there. Eventually, I transferred to the UK cause I didn't get through the US work visa lottery.

I'm much happier here because of the reasons you mentioned. I feel like my friends in America have are basically amassing wealth to insulate their liberal bubble in a conservative land. However, they might not be able to outweath the recent success of right wing policies that the American supreme Court has managed to impose.

For me personally, even the "low" tech salaries in Europe (think something like 150k an year total) is more than enough for the lifestyle I desire. If amassing wealth isn't your primary motivator, it absolutely makes sense to move to a society which better aligns with your values. That would probably be the EU for someone like you and me, but UK is EU lite.

I love that everybody here has the same access to healthcare and the fact that my high taxes help that. I like that the population responds to the actions of the elected officials - like how the current UK govt is doing absolutely terribly in current polls. In the US, it seems like it's always a tight race regardless of what the government does. I love being able to use public Transit to get to most places. I'd rather my potential kids grow up in a kinder society, where their wellbeing wouldn't be at risk if something were to happen to me or my job.


Oh, and also, if I choose to permanently live in the UK, or EU, the path to citizenship is deterministic with a known timeline.

In the US, the time from Green card to citizenship is unbounded. people from India and China are pretty much never going to become citizens till they exploit some loophole like having an American baby.


The problem is getting a green card not citizenship. From a green card you can naturalize in 3 or 5 years.


Apologies, you are correct. I haven't considered emigrating to the US for years and forgot the specific details. Most of my recent knowledge just comes from my friends who live there.

Iirc you can indefinitely keep getting renewals on your h1b while waiting on the green card queue - and this queue is many decades long for people from certain countries like India and China.


I don't feel like the UK is in an especially strong position to look down at the US for being too conservative or doing too little for its poorer citizens but I'm glad you've found a place that suits you regardless.


I agree that UK isn't as left wing as I'd like, but there is really a huge difference between what's considered right wing between the UK and the US. For instance, the NHS. Poor or unemployed people get the same access to healthcare as I do.

In my personal experience, there is also less stratification and less overt racism or bigotry. However, they're pioneering new and clever bigotry against trans people now and that concerns me.


> For instance, the NHS. Poor or unemployed people get the same access to healthcare as I do.

Sure, and the Conservative Party, who has enjoyed a very long period of uninterrupted rule, has been gradually sabotaging it with the obvious hope that is falls apart and market reforms can be implemented. Most of these differences have more to do with the legacy of the post-War period than anything about the current political situation.

The UK is also significantly whiter than the US is, which is something of a counterpoint to the idea that they're less bigoted, in my view.


See what you did there? You conclude that because UK is "whiter", it means they are not "less bigoted". That's weird and I hope you understand what your brain did there.


Can you give an example of new and clever bigotry?


Military spending is a good point. If the middle class all moves to Germany, the US tax base will suffer, and probably Germany will have to raise taxes for their military to compensate. But that would take decades.


There are tons of people in Europe working as offshore resources for American companies.

Being the same Western culture helps a lot versus other areas favoured for offshoring.


> It may be slightly cheaper than California but not by so much that if expect it to be the main reason for doing so.

extremely wrong. what are you basing your assumption on?

the cost of a Munich employee is less than half of the cost of a California one, when you take into account salary, stock, office costs, whinging, etc.


It's extremely hard to lay off in Germany, so existing Google employees in Germany are, on the margin, nearly free, and so can be reassigned (with something else being done with their current project).


How hard is it? As in - they have to let you work for the duration of the notice period hard? Honest question.


As in, they would have to prove, potentially in court, that the layoff was absolutely necessary to actually be about to do it, plus pay an undefined fair severance amount (that people mostly seem to accept as 0.5 * monthly salary * years of tenure at the company), on top of the on-average 3 month notice period, which most companies will give as garden leave in order to not reduce morale even further.

If you can't prove that you need to cut the person for "operational" reasons (e.g. because you're not really getting rid of python tooling engineers), then your best bet is to dangle large cash offers to people in order to entice them to quit.

If they do manage to prove they need to do layoffs, for example when the company is literally running out of money, then they're not allowed to just lay off employees as they like (and definitely not in relation to performance). Instead they have to follow the "Sozialauswahl" which means that factors like whether the employee is supporting a family, is older, etc need to be taken into account.

Then on top of all that, they won't be able to hire people even for completely unrelated roles, for some amount of time afterwards.

So all in all there's a few disincentives for layoffs to be considered as a first action (it's not stopped it from happening at a bunch of companies lately though, Bosch, SoundCloud, Ableton, Native Instruments, Personio, Pitch etc).


I'm sure this comes with some drawbacks, perhaps more cautious hiring, but I like the sound of these regulations. Anything to give employees a ballast against wild swings in the share price. If layoffs had a more delayed effect on the business (and could be reversed in court) there would be less incentive for CEOs to pull that lever.


Aside from the mandatory negotiation with the employee co-determination (works council), the layoffs "must be determined according to the principles of social selection [...] (t)his is often perceived as a major obstacle [...] it would be disastrous to have to dismiss top performers simply because they are younger than other employees or have been recently hired."

[Source] Random link from the Internet so that I don't need to translate: https://www.emplawyers-muenchen.de/wp-content/uploads/files/...


You are on the spot, it's almost impossible to lay somebody off who is like 50 y/o and has kids + has been with the company for quite a while.

Generally, workers rights here in Germany are quite good so as an employee life tends to be quite comfortable since you don't have to fear termination the moment the company isn't doing exceptionally well.


You might be surprised - the absolute difference in salary between Munich and a trendy US tech hub is more than $100k. The difference between getting a decent dev in Poland vs Munich is $30-50k max.


”Slightly cheaper”? What are the actual numbers we are talking about regarding yearly comp?


TC diffs of 230k vs 350k is what i've seen, for a mid-career SRE


It's still not a lot considering that you get the same benefit from hiring in LCOL in the USA


In USA it is quite easy to get above 200k USD. In Europe the comparable salary would be around 180k and it almost never reaches that point.

Even 100k is considered a lot.


I believe the replacements were already Google employees. Just not python-team employees. So it's sort of offshoring but not exactly.

This really doesn't make any sense to me. When I was there python was a pretty big part of the google internal ecosystem. Each major language there had a team supporting it. Not sure why you would be gutting those teams.


I get what you're saying about them already being Google employees, but this feels like a loophole and not a material difference. I could see this being exploited if there ever were offshoring rules. Just hire your offshores a month or two ahead of time.

That said, I find that most sensitive managerial decisions aren't fully explained right away, if ever. I don't expect someone in this position, especially upset by the change, to know the full story. There's possible extenuating circumstances, such as team performance (even the manager was RIF'd).


This isn't the greatest submission and lacks any semblance of context. The poster is in Netherlands apparently and the new team in Germany? I have no idea what to make of this.


Google pays people by region. As I recall, SF, NYC, and Seattle get full wages, and other geos get discounted by a certain percentage. If you live in the US but not in one of those metros, your pay could be ~15% lower.

Yesterday's layoffs seem to have been framed as reorgs. Some teams have been wholly dismissed. Some have been consolidated (two teams -> one team).

There does seem to be a pattern that favors people in lower cost regions. For instance, two teams get combined and the higher cost manager is laid off. Or a whole team is laid off, but those duties are being restaffed by people in a lower wage office.


> As I recall, SF, NYC, and Seattle get full wages, and other geos get discounted by a certain percentage. If you live in the US but not in one of those metros, your pay could be ~15% lower.

Seattle is actually in the tier below SF and NYC, which makes its pay around 10% less. However, it's mostly a wash when you consider that Seattle doesn't have state income tax, so your net is roughly the same in both places.


Wages by Geo is a Urs Hözle move, whom should get paid in NZ dollars.


Interesting, didn’t know that. I remember older threads of people fawning his accomplishments, but nothing about him being a cheap b*stard when it came to his colleagues salaries. We should do more of this name and shaming in our industry, it’s one of the few levers we still have at our disposition.


The issue is that now they're hiding. Those who do the decision no longer send emails, no longer show up in townhalls (if they organized).

There was a townhall for the past wave of layoffs where the exec in charge preferred to take the meeting via video call from a huddle in the same building as the auditorium where the townhall was taking place. Just to not be seen with the employees.


Wages by geo is just “pay the lowest price you can for the requisite quality of product/service you need”, which is what effectively every person does day in and day out.


for many many yearsr it's been a SVP-level project to move people and teams out of the expensive US parts to cheaper regions - Munich was a particular target for some reason (maybe it was the cheapest medium eng office in that timezone). there used to be a lot more carrot, though.


My read of it is that a US team was laid off. The poster is in NL and has to train he Munich team. The poster was not laid off.


yeah, that's basically it.


Looks like the new roles in Munich, if I’m reading the thread right? Could be more than just offshoring? Why not do India or some other cheaper place instead of Munich which isn’t cheap and has relatively strong labor protections?


Just for this specific team. They are “defragging their global footprint” and moving roles to Mexico City, Bangalore, and Germany (probably to to go after gov contracts).


Less cultural clashes, and still cheap versus US.


How do you "protect" a job?


Is this a genuine question? You can go for a strict, legalistic approach, like requiring cause to dismiss workers, or you can tweak incentives, like tax breaks or tax penalties encouraging desired behaviors and discouraging undesired ones. You can make arguments for why it shouldn’t be done but it is not hard to imagine things an interested government could do.


It's not that simple, long-term. Companies will just be founded elsewhere, because a hard-to-fire worker is worse than no worker. However, you could add additional layers like "if you do business in the US you must have x% of your employees here". But it's getting messy.


Or will they, I mean, are you really going to found your business in... where, Singapore?... if you live in the US and your whole network is there? Maybe not. And tariffs are certainly an approach that could work to advantage native companies or those that employ a large number of US developers.

Either way, I think this gets away from the premise and starts getting into reasons not to do it (theoretically, you're losing some new jobs that would otherwise be created) more than reasons it's impossible


Tax breaks for hiring citizens.

Tariffs for hiring non citizens.

Force companies to follow all the same employment laws for employees and contractors in other countries.


Yeah, and really enforce anti-dumping laws.

The cost of living of an Indian developer is way less than that of a US one, especially if the US one is in a high cost of living area such as SF or NYC. How can the US worker complete when they have US housing and college costs, not Indian ones, that need to be paid for?

Offshoring like this is allowing dumping of below-cost labor into US markets. Great for US C-suite folk and their profit-based bonuses, and for lobbyists getting paid big bucks to let this happen, but not so great for US citizens trying to make a living as software developers, which one might have thought would be a thing the US would strategically want to encourage, rather than strengthening a foreign country.


> How can the US worker complete when they have US housing and college costs, not Indian ones, that need to be paid for?

In my experience, US workers, even with much higher wages, are simply better than Indian workers being paid much lower wages. Note that Indians being paid US wages, in the US, are fine - you just can't expect much if you're paying peanuts.

I have had experiences where entire offshore teams have contributed significant negative value. This false economy is as false as they come.

I think a bigger danger to US wages is European offshoring.


The problem is that companies will simply change the countries they incorporate in. Will SAP be tariffed for hiring Germans (where the company is based) rather than Americans? If not, you are giving SAP an unfair advantage over its American competitor.


I mean, yeah, you could also just target foreign businesses at the same time.


The USA has trouble targeting foreign businesses who do most of their business outside of the USA. Its like, they can't tell SAP they should be using Americans to address an account in Taiwan, WTF? Google has plenty of offices around the world, but it is pretty proportional to the amount of business it does around the world also! So telling Google they need to serve everyone around the planet with American workers while SAP gets to use whatever because it isn't American, Google would quickly become a German company instead of an American company. You can't have American companies playing by overly restrictive rules if you can't force the rest of the world to play by those same rules, and America's influence to do that...unless it conquers even its allies, is limited.


Look up "protectionism", the USA has historically frowned upon other less-developed countries when they implement protectionist policies, they go as far as censoring them from the international market. So it would be very incongruent if they suddenly did that for their own workforce.


Not that incongruent; look at Chinese EVs. Or TikTok.

Historically protectionism was a major part of how the US developed its economy but typically countries become less protectionist once they have highly developed economies (because free trade tends to benefit them more).


You start a business.


Laws and regulation.


Same thing with the Kythe (aka Grok) team that does the cross references for codesearch.


Do you know what happened to Kythe/Grok? Is the project being shutdown or if there is a new team being spun up in another region?


Just vaporized a whole team so the roles can be moved overseas :(


full-timers or contacting?


Oh no, this is truly a valuable (though somewhat niche) open source project, too.


Google feels like it can re-externalize costs. Therefore it does.

As Brian Cantrill said, Don't Anthropomorphize Google!


Don't anthropomorphize Sundar Pichai


lots of python tooling did seem to be quite bad while I was there. thousands of wasted engineer hours spent recompiling tensorflow for no fundamental reason; little suggestion that core language folks were interested in fixing it.


If a Google recruiter comes for you, don't walk, run.

That is what Google has become under Sundar Pichai.


There's not much info in that thread, but it reads to me that they consolidated the responsibilities of this one team into another and let the original team go.


Sundar take a pay cut yet?


Yeah, negative paycut


> It's almost like capitalism isn't actually good and you shouldn't want to live in the US

Strong words from a FAANG employee. Does he think there's another economic system which would give him the same extraordinary compensation package?


agree. i can tell it was a bad day for the author and it sucks. but it's irritating to sit there and blame the exact system and company that gave him the exceptional job and pay in the first place.

everyone who works in FAANG, if you are drawing an enormous salary and bonus, compared to the average guy, i hope you realize the how fortunate you are. i hope you are putting away, saving, investing, at least 1/3 or 1/2 of it. when and if this happens after a few years, unlike the average guy, you can simply choose to retire or take some time off and travel rather than the normal option of loosing your home and being completely ruined.


some of us are on work visas, so "take some time off" would also mean "wind up your current life and leave the country"


while i'm sympathetic, it still means you had a great deal going. if/when it ends you shouldn't get pissed off you got the opportunity in the first place - a visa isn't permanent.

to be clear - what i was reacting to was the author's idea that he should reject capitalism and/or start a trade union, after having been a very, very, lucky player of the capitalism game indeed. it pisses me off when people making N multiples of 6 figure incomes start forgetting how lucky they are and how much they personally benefited from that exact system. a laid off googler's worst day is many, many times better than the average guys daily life. in this country, let alone somewhere else.


A visa is not permanent, but it might as well be for Indian and Chinese citizens. The green card lottery can easily take decades. You could have gone to college, got married, had kids, bought a house, and maybe even see your kids graduate college and have kids of their own before you get guaranteed residency in the US.

"Oh you should be happy you had a good thing going" is not something I'd find especially comforting if I was told I needed to rapidly uproot my entire life and leave a country I've spent decades in.


> got married, had kids, bought a house

I lived in the US on a temporary visa and it's wild to me that people would put down roots in any country without a clear path to permanent residency.

When you read the conditions attached to your employer-sponsored non-immigrant visa it makes it pretty clear that you're not in the country to settle permanently, you're there to work for the duration of your visa and that's all.

Some people seem to ignore that and just trust that neither their employer nor the US government will screw them over.


A good friend of mine is Indian and also gay. Moving back to India and having a happy life with equal rights isn't on the table.


Sorry to hear that.

There are lots of countries in the world that welcome gay people and have simpler, saner, and more predictable pathways to permanent residency than the USA.


And then we are back to "just leave your friends, family, and life."

This person moved to the US for undergrad, attended grad school, and has been working in the US for like a decade. That's 20 years here. Even if they were only here on H1b for two years, simply moving somewhere else would still be leaving the country they lived in for 12 years. You can surely understand why somebody would be motivated not to do this.


thanks, glad someone understands! (i'm indian and stuck in just that situation)


I have a bunch of open Python roles. Like, a could-hire-your-entire-team bunch. Which doesn't mean I can afford you! But happy to chat and see what's possible.

If you're physically within the U.S. (just a location, not a citizenship/green card restriction) feel free to reach out, contact info is in my profile.


>"wind up your current life and leave the country"

Isn't that what so many people do in their own country in order to come to the US on a work visa to begin with?


yes, and trust me, it makes a big difference when it's voluntary and you are in full control the time frame.


People who work at Google are indeed very fortunate. We are paid large sums of money. I feel like I've found a pot of gold and give significant portions of my income away to the less fortunate directly because I feel that so much of my pay is based on luck.

However, Google employees only capture a fraction of Google's profits. Google made twenty five billion dollars in profit in Q1. Annualized that is 100b. Google has 180,000 employees. That is 555,555 in profit per employee. If Google was really existing in service of its employees rather than its investors, as it would be in a socialist system, then I'd expect my pay to rise dramatically.


>If Google was really existing in service of its employees rather than its investors

But then it wouldn't make that kind of profit.


Why wouldn't it?


No, you'd have to take all the profit of all the companies in the country and divide that by the number of citizens. That would be true socialism. Like a kibbutz in Israel. IMO it is as much utopia as 100% free market capitalism. Almost everywhere you have something in between, including in the US.


> If Google was really existing in service of its employees rather than its investors, as it would be in a socialist system

What socialist system is that where a company is run from the benefit of its employees?


The context is sparse, but it looks like Google laid off the Python team based in the US. The poster was not in US, so maybe that's why they're not laid off.

The quote you mentioned was a sarcastic comment on the US-specific layoffs, presumably.


The poster lives in NL so not sure what to make of these statements.


The name may be Dutch but are you sure he lives there? Apparently (according to one of his own comments) the new team is located in Munich.


One of the posts has

> as do I, in .nl


[flagged]


Ad hominem with just a tinge of that sweet sweet latent homophobia? Why?

And that hypo... what exactly is the fear bringing all this on so viscerally... is a long defunct soviet union still the starring Freddy of folk's dreams?

Disclaimer: I grew up in the USSR, it stank big ups. I live in the USA, it also stinks big ups. Sometimes for similar and sometimes for different reasons. Let's hope Fukuyama was wrong and we'll eventually come up with something better.


I believe this is just a product of US corporate tax laws and high interest rate but I would like to hear other takes on it. Corporations don't want to bring overseas profit home and be double taxed, so they borrow domestically using oversea cash as collateral. High interest rate and strong USD make it less attractive to hire in US.


This is definitely true, but Google pays US employees very well. Layoffs dramatically increase profits. That’s been a meaningful driver of their growth and margin in recent earnings reports lately.

There are, of course, many benefits to US hiring - a strong talent pool, maintaining a team in the same region/timezone, etc. Google can easily hire back Americans in a few quarters if they need to.

Join the alphabet workers union if you’re a Googler who cares.


I would support the AWU if they were actually monomaniacally focused on worker issues like they're supposed to be (specifically I'd love to see a main focus on preventing offshoring). But instead it seems like they spend most of their time fighting the same kind of culture wars you see on college campuses, most recently Palestine. I don't agree with their views on that issue, and thus they've turned me off completely. They just overall strike me as young, immature, overly idealistic, and not actually suited to run a broad union that should be able to appeal to most of the employees (which is what is required for the union to actually be useful).


I always assumed these culture war unions were fostered precisely to make unions unpalatable.


If that's not their intent, they're certainly doing a good job of it. The people running them are cosplaying running a union, without fundamentally understanding what a union really is.


It's a common management strategy pushed worldwide by consultants. Undermining the opposition by promoting the worst in it. The people who are making the union unpalatable are not under threat from Google as they're in effect unwittingly performing a valuable service for management. Due to intrinsic deficiencies in humans there is no real way to fight it. What usually happens is that the organization, now free from internal opposition, is be able to make the large changes that it always wished to do only to find out that management did not see all ends, makes a bunch of mistakes, and enters into a terminal decline.


> Join the alphabet workers union if you’re a Googler who cares.

I was considering, but after seeing how they operate, I am certain I will be ok without doing so. I am yet to see them accomplish anything meaningful, and behavior of some of their members tripped my “this seems unethical” meter really bad.

I might’ve mentioned that story on HN before, but the rundown of it was that one of my friends was interviewing at Google. He called me the day after one of his interviews, saying that he had a really weird experience, and he wasn’t sure what to think of it.

TLDR: his interviewer was a member of AWU and spent every single second of the interview (that wasn’t spent on working on the coding problem) on trying to sell AWU to my friend (as a candidate/interviewee). All that time that would normally be reserved for the candidate to talk about their experience/projects, ask questions, etc., it was all taken up by the interviewer shilling AWU. My friend was shocked enough by this to warrant calling me, which he never did before with any work-related things.

Had a neutral-positive opinion on AWU until then, and had a neutral-negative opinion since then. And it has only been very slowly going down as the time passes.

P.S. The following part is definitely biased on my end, but the vibe I got from a bunch of interactions with a number of AWU members over the years was the same vibe I get from reddit slacktivists coming from certain subreddits (antiwork and atheism ones specifically). And while I have nothing against the stated goals/purposes of those subreddits, I have plenty against the actual reality of the behaviors of their members. I don’t care about it much, because a lot of them are actual teenagers. But it isn’t good optics for an actual workplace union, when your union members behave like they forgot they aren’t on reddit anymore.


On the internal memegen site, where people post and vote on memes, the AWU folks (they have a red logo around their profile picture, so easy to identify) are basically Debbie Downers. Constantly posting comments or memes shitting on the company. Whatever it is, see red logo around profile picture, you know it's going to be a "this company sucks" comment.

They very much give me the vibe of the "late stage capitalism" 23 year old reddit type. I remember one post from a guy complaining about how the company abuses its employees because in the EU everyone gets so much more vacation. I guess he didn't compare his US salary to EU salaries. Checked profile, tenure: been at company 6 months, and already complaining.


Union's power is in the enforcement of employers to accept collective bargaining (that's why the misnamed US "right to work" laws are so effective at disenfranchising workers). AUW, as it currently organized, lacks that power, so yes, all that remains is bitching.

Which is why memegen exists: it is a way to disarm Google's employees. Had they didn't had memegen to post on, the higher probability more would tunnel their disappointments into organizing.

Those disappointments were created by Google: they (used to) market themselves as a benevolent employer. People get on board, and realize that the truth is far from that. Of course, they wouldn't be able to hire some people they wanted to if they had told them the truth. Should those employees know better? Maybe. But any relationship, including labor, is built on trust.


Memegen is a way for employees to vent with no action taken by leadership. It serves its intended purpose.


No further action taken by employees as well. If memegen didn’t exist, some might be inclined to escalate, actually forcing leadership to do better.


That's essentially the thesis of Hirschman's treatise on Exit, Voice, and Loyalty. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exit,_Voice,_and_Loyalty


Holy molly, this explains 99% of management behavior out there. Basically this explains why every single manager I have had has the exact same narrative, something along the lines of:

"I hear you because we care about you, your concerns are noted, but please stop thinking for yourself and stay in your lane, because we are a family"


> Which is why memegen exists: it is a way to disarm Google's employees.

Are you in PeopleOps and trying to do the reverse-psychology trick with this?

I am only halfway joking. It seems rather strange to me that if memegen is such a helpful tool for Google higher-ups to suppress the employee discontent, given the string of recent memegen changes that caused large uproars from those same employees (removal of downvotes/overall score display specifically).

If anything, those recent memegen changes (along with plenty others) do the opposite of attracting people to memegen. If PeopleOps/higher-ups wanted to incentivize people to use memegen (so that they would waste time on that instead of unionizing), why would they make those massively unpopular changes to it?

Personally, I think Google higher-ups/PeopleOps are, at best, neutral on memegen or, at worst, negative on it. I am almost certain if memegen didn’t exist already since the olden Google days, it wouldn’t have been allowed to get created at the present-day Google.


I can see a team doing python migrations being less needed once the hard work is done. The warning sign here is not that work was shifted, but that Google didn’t have another python project here that they needed people for. Google should be full of potential AI applications using python and existing employees would be the most cost effective way to build teams for those projects. This seems to indicate that Google has given up on investing in R&D.


The institutional sickness at Google continues to consume. They are making the kind of shortsighted moves that are already costing them.


Let me add my 2 cents: afaik US companies can avoid paying taxes by reinvesting their profits into companies. Since software engineering wasn't a very capital rich endeavor, this manifested mainly in increased salaries for their employees. This has now changed, with the advent of AI, since increased capital is funneled towards acquiring AI hardware.


Those who are saying india are wrong, this time they are training them at munich office.

Rule is simple cheap labour and more people can do better job.


Munich is HCOL even for European standards. Just a tiny bit behind London and Switzerland.


Waaayyy behind Zurich, lol.


Playing Devil’s Advocate - why does Google need a Python team when they made Go?


Because they have Python code that needs to be supported. The ML ecosystem, for example, is much larger in Python than Go.


Has Youtube been completely moved off from Python? Last account I have from it (quite outdated, I must admit) was that it had heavy ties with it.


Not sure, but I believe the performance-critical components are C++.


Go is not used in machine learning at all


How is moving all your labor offshores at all reasonable? It seems like this should just be straight up an illegal practice if the talent is plentiful in your own country. This is just accelerating the demise of your own country.


This. I think that the move is not over as well. Today it's Germany (where thanks to the #dieforukraine war jobs are in crisis and wages are shrunken) tomorrow they will shift to India or wherever it costs less.

Globalism at its worst.


Why not just retrain the python team to another language? I mean, software engineers are not really language specific, they can learn other languages if needed.


They were maintaining Python itself, likely very well (as one would expect) compensated. It’d be a waste to have these devs do product development.


All SWEs at the same level at Google are making the same compensation (with some exceptions for high-flying AI researchers). They Python SWEs certainly weren't making more than anyone else.


That's not true at all. (Excluding the factor of location), the compensation of a SWE depends not only the level, but also on tenure, on performance rating (and the history of rating), and on stock market fluctuations (whether the stock price was low or high when the stocks were granted).

One of the rumors is that the better compensated you are on your level, the more likely you are to be targeted for layoff, because it saves the eng cost the most.


None of those depend on the project you're working on, which is my point.


All SWEs at Google are well compensated. Not all of them would be a good fit for maintaining Python.


Then I don't understand the point you were making in your first post.


A waste of talent not of cash.


That's the thing, it's not clear that the Python core engineers are more talented than other Google SWEs on average. You have all sorts of talented engineers working on all sorts of random projects within Google.


They have three months to find new roles/teams. Their employment only ends if they can't.


Like finding a lunch table to sit at on your first day of school


Assuming this wasn't financially motivated.


This is sad. Google just keeps getting worse from people perspective. And keeps getting better for shareholders.


I mean, it’s way easier to buy GOOG than get hired there, just sayin…


So Meta invests in open source AI and one of the reasons is to undermine competition from smaller AI companies, like OpenAI, etc. Wouldn’t Python tram at Google serve the same purpose? Building tools for AI and ML and open sourcing it, so that smaller companies wouldn’t have an edge and never become a threat.


I am wondering what this means for the future prospects of their Go team.


Curious. Are other corps funding open-source python dev?


Microsoft actually funds a lot of cpython work and 3rd party libs, IIRC they have played a big hand in the recent speed improvements, JIT work, the pyright type checker, and a bunch in the AI/GPGPU space like ONNX.

Dropbox has historically done a lot for python, idk how current that is. Netflix has a huge python codebase but I'm not sure what they contribute.


Just curious what does a Python team do? It doesn’t make sense to dedicate a team to a programming language.


Of course it does. Pretty much every FAANG, and many smaller ones, have teams for every programming language they consider important. Google has C++, Rust, Python, Java, JavaScript, and others (although I've heard that several of these teams were hard it in this round.)

To take a basic example: Google has a team that works inside LLVM and Clang to improve the code it produces for Google's specific workloads. (Often these help all of LLVM's clients.) But if this team is able to make a search query faster by even 0.01% a year, at Google scale that saves literally millions of hours in compute across Google's fleet. And millions of hours of compute is millions of dollars in power, space, and need to expand.

This is true of all the other language teams at Google too.

The Python team builds a better python by fixing upstream bugs, reducing the memory it consumes and so on. It upgrades the internal installation of Python to the newest versions, ensuring that the upgrade is smooth and doesn' break the using teams.

It contributes proposals for language features to upstream, ensuring that Google's use cases are at least considered.


in addition to contributing to upstream python, we

* maintained a stable version of python within google, and made sure that everything in the monorepo worked with it. in my time on the team we moved from 2.7 to 3.6, then incrementally to 3.11, each update taking months to over a year because the rule at google is if you check any code in, you are responsible for every single breakage it causes

* maintained tools to keep thousands of third party packages constantly updated from their open source versions, with patch queues for the ones that needed google-specific changes

* had highly customised versions of tools like pylint and black, targeted to google's style guide and overall codebase

* contributed to pybind11, and maintained tools for c++ integration

* developed and maintained build system rules for python, including a large effort to move python rules to pure starlark code rather than having them entangled in the blaze/bazel core engine

* developed and maintained a typechecker (pytype) that would do inference on code without type annotations, and work over very large projects with a one-file-at-a-time architecture (this was my primary job at google, ama)

* performed automated refactorings across hundreds of millions of lines of code

and that was just the dev portion of our jobs. we also acted as a help desk of sorts for python users at google, helping troubleshoot tricky issues, and point newcomers in the right direction. plus we worked with a lot of other teams, including the machine learning and AI teams, the colaboratory and IDE teams, teams like protobuf that integrated with and generated python bindings, teams like google cloud who wanted to offer python runtimes to their customers, teams like youtube who had an unusually large system built in python and needed to do extraordinary things to keep it performant and maintainable.

and we did all this for years with fewer than 10 people, most of whom loved the work and the team so much that we just stayed on it for years. also, despite the understaffing, we had managers who were extremely good about maintaining work/life balance and the "marathon, not sprint" approach to work. as i said in another comment, it's the best job i've ever had, and i'll miss it deeply.


> the rule at google is if you check any code in, you are responsible for every single breakage it causes

i can no longer edit my post to clarify this, but by "responsible for breakages" i meant that if your new check-in caused any CI tests anywhere within the codebase to fail, even if due to bugs in the other code, you had to stop and fix it, or get the owners to fix it, or find some principled way to temporarily disable those tests, before you could check your code in.

this was a very real issue for things like the python runtime or widely used code checkers like pytype or pylint, because if e.g. the new version of python, or some improved check in pytype, started raising failures in a code pattern that was technically wrong but which the existing toolchain did not complain about, you could not release the new version until you had fixed all those new breakages.

contrast this with non-monorepo codebases, where the other code would have had to deal with the fact that "oh, our code works under 3.10 but 3.11 broke it, guess we have to pin our own repo to 3.10 until we fix it", but as the python team we could just say "we support 3.11 now, you need to catch up"


> i can no longer edit my post to clarify this, but by "responsible for breakages" i meant that if your new check-in caused any CI tests anywhere within the codebase to fail, even if due to bugs in the other code, you had to stop and fix it, or get the owners to fix it, or find some principled way to temporarily disable those tests, before you could check your code

Google engineers hate this one weird hack: just send a mail saying "we're deleting/deprecating [everything your product depends on] in [14-180] days, good luck!"


I'm guessing these are related. If every team is potentially responsible for breakages in every product, there's no such thing as a "just chugging along" product and there will be a constant demand to delete products that are not popular within Google.


It has nothing to do with popularity, it has everything to do with teams doing what get them promoted and not having to deal with cross org fallout.

At Microsoft, if there were 12 teams depending on service foo, the team who owned foo had to have a deprecation plan that included sufficient time and support for all 12 teams to get off foo, and directors/VPs would meet and come to terms before the deprecation started.

Google is the opposite. Despite an increasing trend towards top-down direction there's no requirement or support for involving stakeholders. There can be internal products (let's say a data storage solution) and the team who owns it can say "we don't care about this anymore, it's being shut down in 6 months" even if dozens of other teams and millions of end users rely on it, and it's up to those teams to scramble, put other projects on hold, and try to migrate as fast as possible to avoid an outage.

It's frankly demotivating. For the last 18 months, a huge percentage of eng time on my team has gone to either compliance or mandatory migration work i.e. stuff that ABSOLUTE BEST CASE customers don't notice.


Don't forget to include the standard detailed changelog: "bugfixes and performance improvements".


this reminds me of kenton v's complaint about working on infra being so hard


Adding to the wonderful writeup by my now-ex teammate (thanks!):

Several of us were/are/TBD also involved in both long term strategic leadership and maintenance of the open source CPython project itself. That direct feedback line from a major diverse needs user into the project and ecosystem was valuable for the world.

The reason I stayed on this team for 12+ years is as zem said. It was an ideal impactful alignment of people, abilities, priorities, and work life balance. My prior teams at Google... were often not.

For the first half of our Python teams existence, there were only ~5 of us. Many early years were spent paying down internal tech debt accumulated from prior years of neglecting to have a strong Python strategy and letting too many do their own thing. Python was one of the very first languages used widely at Google. It was the last major backend language to get a language team.

Signed, -- the now-ex runtimes TL


yes, i definitely should have said more about the cpython leadership work! i was responding to a comment that had already mentioned upstream contributions so i didn't think to highlight it more, but it was a huge contribution to both google and to cpython at large.


well, why don't you guys stay together and continue work? start your own thing! google fired you, yes, but you're still alive and able to communicate. maybe you won't get paid as much as you did at google. but prove to them that you have something of value to provide to society.


My guess: the people in your group have very high salaries and they want to dump them. I would not be surprised if they hire people to make a new team at some point in the future.

I run HR at a small software company reports and my HR person has a lot of friends in HR at FAANGs. For 10+ years we've been talking about hiring and salaries at Google (and others). It's just crazy to me how high salaries have gotten. I know someone that switched from Google to FB when they made $750k at Google and got $1M at FB.

I said all this to say: I've talked to a bunch of people over the last 6 months that know someone laid off and: 1) they had a very high salary, and 2) the group they were in was hiring.


I was your opposite number at AWS for many years. Like you say, it was one of the best jobs I've ever had, but over there it was a career dead end. I wasn't laid off, but I had to leave it to have any hope of growing myself.

I feel for ya, zem; if you ever turn up at a PyCon in person, lemme buy you a drink.


I guess it was in some ways a career dead end at google too, I joined as a senior engineer and never bothered applying for promotion to staff, and most of my teammates were similar. On the other hand, I never felt I wasn't growing myself because I learnt a lot, took on some very ambitious projects, and was trusted with a lot of ownership and input into "what do you feel the most effective thing you could be working on right now is?"


We are hiring here at Cruise and I believe your team could be a good fit for one of the roles that we are hiring for.

Here is the job description: https://www.getcruise.com/careers/jobs/2831153/

If any of you are interested, feel free to directly reach out to the recruiter Connor Anderson (Connor.Anderson@getcruise.com) or feel free to apply directly.


Only issue I can immediately see is that the salary is about a quarter of the FANG rate.


Please keep in mind that the listed salary range on the job description is only the median base salary range. Not the full total compensation range that includes bonus and other factors to it. We can pay much more than what is listed there from a total compensation standpoint.


I mean, that probably at least partly explains why they were laid off..


  > very large projects with a one-file-at-a-time architecture (this was my primary job at google, ama)
Is there any place where we could see such tools? A lot of the scripts that I write are contained in a single file, and I'm sure that there would be much to learn from seeing such project scripts. Thank you.


it's open source! check out https://github.com/google/pytype and https://github.com/google/pytype/blob/main/docs/developers/t... for more on the multi-file runner


Terrific! Thank you.


That is a lot of great work. Sorry to hear that it is gone. Take some time to rest and hope find somewhere with better vision!


Any guess how many SWE-yrs are now going to be spent migrating existing Python projects away from Python, now that Python seems to be unsupported at Google going forward?


Can you say more about the automated refactoring? How did it work? How was it triggered? How much human involvement was there? Are any parts of it public?


can't say too much about it because it mostly used a lot of internal tools, but it was a combination of writing per-file utilities to do specific code transforms (think something like libcst), and then a framework to scan the google codebase, find affected files, and apply the transforms to them.


Code mods are fun. Were they gated by human PR reviews, perhaps in batches, or applied without review?


yes, gated by human reviews based on who owned the code, unless they were completely trivial and then were gated by a single global approver. there were always humans in the loop though.


Ah makes sense. At another MAANG, there was a code mod template job with a half dozen subvariants. I recall using a variant that supported ripgrep piping to sed -i for a simple replacement mod. There were jobs properties controlling how many mods per diff and whether it needed human approval or not. I think I did one batched by 1000 running once every 2 weeks to keep noise down.


> maintained tools to keep thousands of third party packages constantly updated from their open source versions.

Hi Zem could you say more about how you maintained those thousands of third party packages? We are facing the same issue and would love to hear your insight!


sure! it used a collection of tools, the main ones were

* copybara [https://github.com/google/copybara] to mirror between github and our internal repo and transform the source tree layout to our internal conventions

* mercurial patch queues [https://hgbook.red-bean.com/read/managing-change-with-mercur...] to apply internal changes

there are internal tools to automate the copybara configuration for python packages specifically, and to map between mercurial and google's version control system, but that's the main idea, and a specific review process for adding new packages.

the process is actually documented here though not all the referenced tools are available (or even applicable) externally: https://opensource.google/documentation/reference/thirdparty...



When was pytype invoked? Runtime? CI/CD? Did it output types to be added to files or did it infer and then enable downstream tasks based on those inferences?


it was invoked manually at build time, and then at CI/CD time (there was no runtime type checking). we did output types to pyi files (the python equivalent of C header files), but mainly we used the inferred types to check the code for type correctness - one of the unique selling points of pytype, and why google was developing its own typechecker in the first place, was that the other available python type checkers would check annotated code for consistency, but would not do anything about type errors in unannotated code. if pytype did detect type errors, the code failed CI and had to be fixed before it was checked in.

we did also have a separate tool that could merge the inferred types back into the source code as annotations, but it never got much uptake.


> needed to do extraordinary things to keep it performant and maintainable.

This is very interesting. Can you share more about this?


i can't, unfortunately, it was youtube internal code. but by the same token a lot of the performance stuff was specific optimisations for that code and would not really generalise.

one of the current "extremely large python codebase" projects is instagram, and they do have some public repos, notably monkeytype (https://github.com/Instagram/MonkeyType) which youtube did have its own analogue of, and cinder (https://engineering.fb.com/2022/05/02/open-source/cinder-jit...). in general facebook's engineering blog is a great place to read about this sort of thing.


Frankly, it sounds like a dream job for me too, to be responsible for a particular technology and make sure that it works for all your internal (and external) users.


agreed! it takes a certain kind of person to find that fun, but the people who enjoy it really enjoy it.


How can someone hire the whole team? :)


When Wall St. concerns lead to imposing cannibalistic capitalism plans that are pennywise but pound foolish.

Just wait a few years. When they come calling for consulting services, charge them triple.


I’m so sorry.


I feel your pain. All the best!


sorry to hear about the situation at google, would love to help out. we connect laid-off engineers to startups. if anyone from the team is interested here is our discord server https://discord.com/invite/Bnp5zyc8nM


Classic: ask what the team does, and before getting an answer, decide that it doesn't make sense.


[flagged]


I'm a bit surprised anybody with DevOps in their name would be unclear about the benefits of having specific roles devoted to what might seem to the uninitiated like just some tiny corner of the development process. Past a certain scale, things can't be covered by just having anybody pitch in as required and everybody collectively muddling through.


[flagged]


It does not surprise me that people shitpost calling an expert "moronic" without any counter arguments.


Google's python team probably need some restructure for better product in the future


Silly sounding, serious question:

What is the 'Python' team?

Open source python language package maintainers?


Already answered in this thread: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=40176338


So TensorFlow is not officially dead.



Based on the contents of the blog (as that's the only think I can talk about -- I was in the team pre 2022), it's mostly dead.

JAX (and Keras) is where the push is now. And, grudgingly, PyTorch


Jax is next level though


lol so this guys takeaway is “capitalism bad”. even though capitalism is what got him his cushy google job to start with


Cushy or not, everyone likes to feel that they can trust the people that they work for. Everyone is equally upset when their job is off-shored, especially if they were sold the idea of pouring themselves on the job. This feels equally harsh for the Personal Assistants with a 60k salary that get off-shored for half the price.

I agree that just shouting "capitalism" is really poor commentary though, now everything that involves money is called "capitalism" for some reason, even though every single place that organizes around money has this basic incentive of cheaper labor. "Capitalism" or "not so capitalism". :shrug:


How about flutter/dart teams? Are they safe?


Flutter has nothing to fear anymore. The funeral will be held next week.


Can you elaborate?


Flutter was already affected in this wave.


Where does the source indicate Python team layoff?


The additional information you need is that that's what Thomas Wouters does (and has done for as long as I've known them, which is many, many years).


People of Cgc jhanjeri shares deep condolences with the python team. Hope they get job somewhere else with more success


I love if though when people working for trillion dollar corporation getting high six figure salaries and probably more money in a year than average worker in most countries makes in a lifetime, casually dunk on "capitalism". Yeah, sure, in the USSR you'd do much better, dude. I mean, I know layoffs suck, but come on.


you do realise that ussr does not exist anymore (it's been replaced with a hyper-capitalist structure that mutated into a fascist dictatorship); and that the existence of people being highly paid does not disprove the fact tha the us-style capitalism is a terrible system for anyone but the highest echelons?


> you do realise that ussr does not exist anymore

O RLY?! That fact totally changes my whole argument... unless it was an example of a non-capitalist society and I never claimed it currently exists and the point was the comparison of living in capitalist and non-capitalist system.

> the existence of people being highly paid does not disprove the fact tha the us-style capitalism is a terrible system for anyone but the highest echelons

The guy complaining about it is the highest echelons. He was working for frickign Google, which pays tons of money. Not that this duckspeak isn't a complete lie for pretty much all people. As a person who, unlike you, actually lived in the USSR, I can tell you that it had humongous inequality and a myriad of daily degrading and humiliating problems for almost everybody "but the highest echelons", on the level that somebody living in a Western country can't even imagine. Capitalism may have its flaws, in the US and everywhere, but man you don't know how lucky you are, compared to the alternative. And I don't wish on anybody to ever learn it. Just stay ignorant and take your knowledge from your weed-smoking cool pol-sci prof who surely knows everything about the matter. Really, this way it's much, much better.


dude, i'm polish, and i know very well how dysfunctional ussr was. moreover, my father was from lviv; he repatriated to poland in 1956. members of my family enjoyed the hospitality of the siberian gulags for the reason of defending warsaw as a part of polish pre-war military, too.

however, i do not mistake capitalism with free markets; capitalism (in the stage where we are, ruled by rentiers and oligarchs that we call billionaires) needs to be reined in if we want to fucking survive.


I think for somebody fresh out of Google and an RM for Python survival is not going to be a pressing concern. The streets aren't exactly filled with starving ex-Googlers. Again, getting fired sucks, but it's not exactly an atrocity which necessitates the overthrowing of the whole political system.


non sequitur.


The point is that many would view Google SWEs as being in the highest echelons. Generally, people who get paid very large amounts of money under capitalism are seen as being hypocritical when they criticize capitalism, if they aren't using their wealth to make change.

It's not that their criticism isn't valid, it's the feeling that they are perpetuating and benefiting from capitalism more than 99% of people, so they are all talk and no walk.


If there was some valid criticism, it'd warrant some engagement on merits. But it's not even that. It's just "I've got laid off from my extremely lucrative job, and probably will land a similarly lucrative job within a short time, therefore the whole societal system must be overthrown". It's not a criticism, it's just some kind of mental tick - any time anything bad happens, say some fashionable nonsense about capitalism being awful. As they saying goes, it's not even wrong! It's just lazy.


There's no sense in that.


You all help fuel these companies. Don't complain.


Google laid off it's entire python foundation team


I wonder if he blames his exorbitant salary on capitalism too?


morons


This news has so many implications.

1 - I think the move to Germany is a tentative one - they could not pack all and move it to India thoroughly like IBM did, because in a election year this can create waves in the public opinion and shift votes against MAANG/FAANG corporations sponsored globalist politicians.

2 - It's only but the beginning. German and European staff have a better STEM formation in real universities (for now) but when Alphabet will have to face work unions in Germany they will pack again and go India, Burundi or whatever else.

3 - I see that some of the most relevant FOSS projects core programmers are getting the axe in this move. I would like to elaborate on this since open source now fosters autopilot, gemini, that are perceived by the big companies as a way to lay off or to pay peanuts the real software developers that created and fostered the FOSS movement.

4 - The people left in the cold were not saved by their putting the pronouns in their bio, nor by abiding to cambodian-style woke ideologies. They licked but when they were not needed anymore they were dumped, with their mouth full of it.

5 - Flutter is DEAD. No matter how you put it.

6 - Since the Agile mindset and antipatterns were adopted, it seems that large companies are self-eating thinking they can do keeping management only. Meetings and fake presentations of systems that deliver 5% of what stated. Anything productive is seen as debris of demon. Pol-Pot style, if you have any competence you are an enemy of the people and of the DEI mantra.

7 - People with experience in this and willing to react to this trend are scared to talk and isolated. Not being able to express dissent while seeing the whole productive sector of the western world being dismembered, vilified, destroyed.

8 - Large companies are like Zelensky, they need stupid cannon fodder that follows the orders and if not can be replaced in zero time with even more submitted servants. If you are OK with this I feel no empathy towards you and your peers. These people saw google implement sjw ideologies in any products, staid silent, and now they are not useful anymore to the system they so eagerly and willingly contributed to enthrone.


I recognize this guy based on his handle as the guy who'd always give spectacularly unhelpful replies on #python freenode irc. Not surprised he also makes simplistic statements about capitalism.


We need python programmers in Pharma right now edaclinical.com/apprenticeship


Meta is clearly driving most of CPython efficiencies. The projects listed are mostly stable so it's smart of Google to let the community drive it forward and they just use it ("we had managers that were extremely good about work life balance" and "marathon not sprint" should tell you all you need to know.)

Python inside Google, for non-AI stuff at least, feels quite a bit different than with different defaults than the rest of the world. This may have the side effect of eventually aligning with the broader outside Python community.


> ("we had managers that were extremely good about work life balance" and "marathon not sprint" should tell you all you need to know.)

That's how all jobs should be though. The only time anyone should be sprinting is if the building is on fire. I guess Google is moving to a 9-9-6 schedule, and they want to do it in Munich where they can pay peanuts for it.


Ah but unlike the crazy USA, Germany has a legal maximum of 48 hours per week.


Haha sure, that's assuming Google's starting baseline is 9-5, mind you, which is not even close. Many people barely work at Google and "work-life balance" is really a euphemism for not really working.

Google used to be about working smartly and not grinding just for grind's sake, which is totally respectable. At some point, however, that became Google's external brand as well, and went in the head of the people being recruited. The result is, recently, people self-select and optimize for joining Google precisely for "work-life balance." i.e. if you want to actually work and get paid for performance, you are better off joining Facebook. Google ends up with the rest of the folks who join with the expectation of low expectations.


i think you might want to read up about labour protections in germany before opining this strongly.


> The projects listed are mostly stable so it's smart of Google to let the community drive it forward and they just use it ("we had managers that were extremely good about work life balance" and "marathon not sprint" should tell you all you need to know.)

If you prioritize busyness you will get busyness but not necessarily productivity.


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