On: What do you do if a hacker takes control of your s...

[numpad0]

Are they fully reflashable or can be just parameter adjusted? I have a random power steering ECU, it came with a mask ROM variant of a Fujitsu MPU. Having a microcontroller != having a field malware programmable micro.

[toast0 → numpad0]

Depends on the modules, modern ones tend to be fully reflashable, I think. Early ones like these, probably not as easy to modify in situ.