Software development on a budget of $30k getting described as lavish. Ahh, gamers, they're so cute. Poorly-informed over-entitled misanthropes, but cute. "You're doing your shoestring budget wrong! You should listen to me! I've never shipped anything longer than a blog comment but my years of experience as a pir^H^H^H consumer mean I really know this job well!"
P.S. A business where the successful outcome is the principals end up in personal debt is neither a business nor successful.
> Ahh, gamers, they're so cute. Poorly-informed over-entitled misanthropes, but cute.
As a gamer, I completely agree with you here. The entitlement has grown rapidly over the past 2-3 years, and in my opinion is only hurting those in the industry looking to be adventurous.
Something like Minecraft might be the exception, but look at the shenanigans surrounding the Mass Effect 3 ending (which was not as bad as some would have you believe)—BioWare is releasing DLC to re-work something that was just a clash between (entitled) gamers who interpreted advertising in their own way, and the artistic direction of those who made the game. Considering the backlash, do these gamers think a studio like BioWare (or publisher like EA) will risk a game that isn't just a Call of Duty sequel again? Sure, but the chances are less, and the resultant game is going to tread a significantly less-risky path.
The comments regarding the $1000 (nothing!) spent on iPad hardware are just inane.
The Mass Effect 3 ending was shit. Not artistic, not creative. Shit. A piece of storytelling so completely divorced from the previous narrative tapestry as to make even professors of English literature wince with disappointment. Its only explanations are rushed development or a lapse in creative oversight.
On top of being shit, it was not at all what was described by the project leads in interviews or in advertising. Game consumers are "entitled" to receive what is advertised – return policies don't let them vote with their dollars once a deception is unmasked.
You sound like you're parroting the narrative of an industry-captured press, rather than detailing first-hand knowledge of the situation.
Doesn't it seem slightly bizarre to claim entitlement to an entertainment product? At least as bizarre as lobbying a film maker/author into re-editing some content that was found wanting.
I give it to you for a product you have promised me, according to certain specifications we have agreed upon.
Here you go.
I am now entitled to the product as described for that money. Mass Effect's epic conclusion was hyped for five years. It was the central selling point of the series. A version of Excel that doesn't calculate things correctly is broken. Similarly, an interactive story that fails to deliver on the promise of complexity and interactivity in its most glorified and advertised of moments is also broken.
Films and books don't belong in this discussion – they are not interactive media. They stand no valuable comparison. This situation is more like a piece of software that ships broken and needs a patch to sort things out. That happens so often as to be unremarkable.
return policies don't let them vote with their dollars once a deception is unmasked
Games are not exempt from consumer law that requires retailers to give a refund if a product is not as described. Retailers may claim that "their policy" doesn't include that, but the law is superiour to that.
However "not as described" almost certainly does not cover an unappeal ending to an artistic product. It's not the same thing.
> However "not as described" almost certainly does not cover an unappeal ending to an artistic product. It's not the same thing.
Oh, I can assure you, in this case it does.
Casey Hudson, the creator and director of the series, said explicitly, emphatically, multiple times to the press: "The ending will not be as simple as A, B, or C."
The ending is literally as simple as picking A, B, or C. If that isn't a misrepresentation of a product, nothing is.
The third installment of a series that has received universal critical acclaim and inspired several spinoffs, books and movies is hardly a risk, no matter what ending you put on it.
I have no idea what the meat of the argument was over, but it seems like the fans complained about the ending taking it too safe. I don't see how that supports your argument.
Damnit people. I've lost track of how many times the Star Command Kickstarter story has been misrepresented.
The implication is that only $4000 (post tax) was spent on the game and that's an outright lie. They spent 6k on music, 5k on marketing (poster + pax), and 1k to development/demo hardware. That's not necessarily ideal but it's not entirely unreasonable either. You can argue the marketing/hardware issue perhaps, but 6k went directly into the game in the form of music.
The real lesson to take away from Star Command is their under-estimation of time and money required to create, package, and ship backer rewards. That's the real danger that other projects should be wary of.
They are a three man team working without any pay. What did you expect the money to go to? Proper salaries and benefits for the team would be a few hundred thousand dollars, not 36k.
Spending $6000 on music counts 100% as "to development" and is perfectly reasonable. For PAX if anything they should have spent more money to create a bigger presence.
I'm genuinely curious as to how much music $6000 bought. That can afford quite a decent-length soundtrack.
For not-very-well known composers, I've been quoted in the range of $150-250/minute for music. I assume that if I went a bit higher up the chain (small-time, but established) that the price would rise.
As someone who's worked in independent film and has been involved in projects that have spent $10k's and $100k's in music, I dont see this as lavish or irresponsible at all. Musicians are hard workers, and deserve to be paid for their efforts. Just because the developers couldn't hack their way to a great soundtrack and paid for decent/professional work doesn't mean they misappropriated funds. I'd counter that they rightfully spent the money in places that weren't their core competencies.
Edit: I know that film isn't the same as game development, but I feel that the multidisciplinary aspect of game creation incurs costs in a far wider arena than traditional software development.
I don't see it as lavish or irresponsible either -- I was just providing a data point. If I could guarantee the sales would be a non-issue, I'd certainly love to step up the production values of titles I make with more varied soundtracks.
I didn't expect this comment to get so much downvoting. My guess is merely that any mention of them is bad. I was just trying to say that they didn't spend 40$ on opening their business, they spent $4000 by getting a lawyer to make sure they opened it correctly.
As they said: they clearly overpaid on company formation ($4000 for legal and accounting, which could have been accomplished to the same effect for around $500 if they were frugal, including filing quarterly estimated returns). But still, they'd have ended up with ~$9000 gross instead of $6000; the point still stands.
Some of these Kickstarter numbers look more game-changing than they really are.
But whatever, I'm not a games industry person; I'm really just here to chime my recurring bell about "don't put your company together on a napkin, get the LLC done; it doesn't have to be expensive and it will help you down the road."
Actually, now that I read my own comment I realize it makes me sound like a cheap and grumpy old man.
Perhaps they want to make a big budget game with really great music from their favorite artist, really awesome posters, and I know of course that each dev should have an iPad. You might even need all the different kinds.
"PAX East? - That's a holiday not a legitimate business expense."
For a game developer? No, it's a fantastic way to raise the profile of your game. You get the most avid gamers interested in your game (who will spread the word if they like the game) and you get press coverage too. For an exhibitor PAX isn't a 3 day vacation, it's 5 or 6 days of working 12+ hours days, most of them staying chained to their booth in their expo hall.
Nar, a game as great looking as theirs would get the press anyhow. The press are dying for more interesting games to write about.
You raise another good point though, not only is it 3k, but its 5-6 days at 12+ hours. A whole week of dev time lost to the event.
Events are great fun, but if you don't have money you don't know what to do with, I don't think they are a very good investment. Not much bang for the buck I don't think.
I've been in the fairly unique situation of seeing the results a wide range of companies in the extended games industry (from top games publishers to indies to gaming hardware... etc.) got from exhibiting their products and I couldn't disagree more about it being a good investment.
Press coverage - not metrics, but I've seen an awful lot of stories come out of events, and most importantly an awful lot of journalists meeting exhibitors, from bloggers to mainstream websites or newspapers. Obviously this doesn't guarantee coverage, but it puts the ball in your hands, once you're stood talking to a journalist while standing over your product it's time to knock it out of the park.
I don't really have any customer data I can share with you, the sort of selling points generally used are more vague - such as "The average spend per visitor at last year's event on products sourced at the show was £767, a total audience spend of £79.8m" (taken from the sales pitch of a 2012 event). The overall focus of selling - though I'm not actually in sales so this isn't my direct area - is about the size of the audience, and what sort of demographic they are.
I don't know if events are a good use of your money when it's as tight as that, i.e. if you can chose between $3k on an event or $3k on a PR company, but only one, as I can't think of any exhibitor I've ever had that paid that little, or that was small enough not to have marketing budget around it.
The single biggest argument I can give, I think, is that if you go to PAX you're going to get more people looking at your game than you'd get clicks for $3k online - and when it comes down to it, are you going to sell your game better by having somebody look at your website, or stand in front of you try out your game?
Incidentally, what adverts are giving you that click-rate, and do you have any calculated CPA figures?
edit: I just want to note that like I said above, my experience comes more from big budget companies like big studio publishers rather than indies, so I can't necessarily say events are or aren't a great idea for people like you, just that they do offer bang for buck.
I'm an armchair theorist on this topic, but I suspect you get more benefit with an event booth, especially if the people that attend the event have already been self-selected into your target demographic. There's just so much more room for engagement in person, as you can answer questions, provide clarification on the spot, and even obtain advice (perhaps some passerby has a cool idea they want to see in your game). This is drastically harder to do with a website.
This is even more important for smaller indie teams where the developers are the ones manning the booths. I'd be way more interested in discussing the product if I knew I were talking to one of the developers. I found this reflected in my behavior at the vendor booths at pycon this year. When a booth was manned by salespeople, I'd just go take their free shirt and if I was interested in the product I'd only ask a few brief questions and leave with a brochure. When the booth was manned by the founders and three-quarters of the dev team, I was more apt to discuss further, asking about their software stack, or their thoughts on competing products, or the future roadmap of the product. This type of perspective a salesperson doesn't have and usually can't officially speak about.
Last time I did an Adwords Campaign I was paying about 30-50c a click. I'm doing web games at the moment so really don't have any figures for buying adds on mobile.
I have heard anecdotally that a click in a mobile game costs a lot less.
Fully agree that spending a small percentage of your marketing budget on shows is great. And as I said before, they are heaps of fun and a great holiday for the team. You get to rub shoulders with the press and meet other devs.
But, I think somebody else mentioned these guys aren't even paying themselves a salary yet.
How does that 30-50c look once its turned into sales, as in how many clicks per sale? (Unless you don't directly sell anything).
Anyone who exhibits at an event for fun is a fool, as is anyone who exhibits at an event but doesn't find it fun. In my experience - and maybe this differs in other industries or indeed other parts of the games industry - events couldn't be further from holidays, most event organisers and exhibitors I know, myself included, would tell you they are the most tiring and most stressful times of the year. But for some of us, that's what makes them enjoyable.
Of course there's fun to mix in and around them in ways that being away from the normality of office life let's you have, but it's generally a case of lletting off steam while working crazily hard, not of enjoying a break from working. My last event consisted of 10 days without a break, 10-12 hours minimum, or 15+ during the 4 days of set-up / pack down, but it was still the most fun I've had recently.
I don't know what sort of marketing budget you have, but if/when it has a little leeway, try some more targeted advertising rather than AdWords. I'd love to tell you that I could provide it, but the audience I have are PC gamers and I don't honestly think you'd see great results with us, but there will be sites out there that will give you a worse CPC but a better CPA than Google can.
But it's a lot of money tho. If your goal is marketing, then isn't it a more efficient cost per user acquisition to just buy adwords or whatever online ads instead?
It's virtually impossible to make AdWords work for their business model, and if it were not impossible it would require someone intelligent to implement, and unlike game developers SEM specialists expect to get paid on a regular basis.
This is largely a function of the unit economics of indie games being terrible compared to e.g. the unit economics of a free to play MMORPG.
It's hard to make an impression when you have no money left to make a game. Make the game first, and if its good it will market itself. If you have funds left over after the game is finished, THEN you can spend them on extras.
The developers still get to sell their product right? This is a Kickstarter - they get to keep making a profit. If they want to bootstrap then sure, use the most cost effective method but if someone has given you $20k to get a beautiful game made, make that beautiful game. I love good music in my media experiences and I'll pay for those games that have that.
A better question might be, "iPads? Why are these people soliciting money from people to make an iPad game when they don't have any experience developing for the iPad?"
Agreed. It's not that these weren't legitimate business expenses but if you are trying to start a company on a shoe-string budget you should really spend considerable time trying to get the best deal possible and limit all expenses to the bare minimum.
I think I disagree, for a $30k investment all the paperwork is useless and distracting from getting things done. Just do a handshake agreement with your partners and get down to doing the real work. After the $30k is gone, which will happen surprisingly quickly, you can look at your business more honestly and see if figuring out the paperwork is even worth it. I wouldn't even bother thinking about taxes, screw the IRS, there is no way for them to know about that $6k salary if you don't tell them, if you're successful later you can have an accountant figure out the mess. $30k is a short window to actually get something out the door, don't let anything else distract you.
I don't entirely disagree with your position, but considering the publicity and press coverage they've received (both before and after the kickstarter funding), it's harder from their position to feel like they can safely slip under the radar. Also, from the IRS pov it's not a $6k salary, it's $30k+ income. It's only after you deduct all the business expenses does it come down to $6k profit. I'm not entirely certain how kickstarter works, but I would be surprised if they didn't file paperwork with the IRS when they transfer the $32k-fee to the developers. Vegas casinos report winnings to the IRS at a cut-off point way below that.
They file 1099's like everybody else does. If you don't file, the IRS will just impute taxes to you at the least favorable possible rate, and probably not tell you about it until after you've incurred penalties.
"Now, right off the top you had $10,000 for prize fulfillment."
The lesson to be learnt here? Very carefully consider your bonus goods. Will making and shipping them cost more than the extra profit they make over the base price? Price 'em out beforehand. And build in a healthy margin of error in case you are wrong.
Kickstarter recommends providing intangible rewards. Some people just don't listen to that advice.
To me, it just indicates a lack of creativity. There are so many ways to reward people when making a game, such as allowing funders to name in-game characters or locations, or to have a say in some of the game design. Posters and t-shirts seem like very lazy rewards. And costly of course.
OK, I had another thought on this topic, another perspective as to whether this money was well spent.
When you win Kickstarter and get 20-30k as an indie dev, that money is yours. It's in the bank. You're expected to spend it to make sure the game is as good as it can possibly be, sure, but it's now your money to _risk_.
I balk at spending 6K on music, because to me that sound like taking 6k out of my family's bank account, going down to the casino and betting it all on black.
But in reality, that's what I do every day. I sit down at my computer and I bet 1 days salary I can earn it back selling my game directly to players.
My games only have a budget of around 100k each. Most of that my salary. Would 6k on music make 6k more over the life of the game? I don't know? Perhaps. Perhaps I should grow some balls and spend and extra 6K of my family's money on music for my next game as see what happens.
Those risks, those bets, are a lot easier to make when they are somebody else's money. When you have an investor willing to share risks, or a publisher who will own the game when it's done anyhow.
But remember, people on Kickstarter are pledging money, not investing money. So if you don't offer good rewards, you won't get any money, and your project will never happen.
Unless of course the project itself is the real reward.
I think the tiered award thing hurts a lot of projects by distracting from the basic fact that what you're really contributing to is making the project real.
And why does making a game cost more than $35k? Because you need to pay the people making the game so they can eat and pay rent. And what do we call the money that we give people for that purpose? Income. Which is taxed.
Any good accountant will tell you that you don't have to pay tax on money that has not yet been earned. I've seen two of these article for two different game devs, and they both take into account tax, which should not be part of the equation until the game is actually released.
I'm sorry, but you are wrong, any basic accounting knowledge (I am a CPA) will tell you that income can be recognized when EARNED, not when received. This is something the IRS agrees with.
Kickstarter funds have not been earned until the product is delivered
Yes, there are many ways to offset the income with expenses. Though what most Kickstarter video game devs are finding out is that they may not use all of the money as expenses in the first year. If you are accounting on a "cash" system, you would have to pay tax, if you are accounting on an "accrual" system, you would not have to pay tax until the game is released, regardless of how many expenses you have.
Kickstarter isn't far from its own optimization industry - like SEO and social media consultants, but guidance for presenting fiscally impossible idea as plausible and tantalizingly close. Then just make a slick concept video, keyword that baby up, and astroturf some buzz. It can't miss!
I personally do not understand why they would have paid for all of the promotional material before the game was near completion. But I will say... that demo is amazing and I am ready to throw money at them.
Interesting post. I wrote an article on comp.sys.amiga about why software costs so much as a way to try to illuminate the unseen costs in development and support.
I really do think that folks should create the LLC first, get that setup and a copy of Quickbooks or what ever and "practice" running a company first. Seriously, go out and create an LLC right now. Not only will you learn a lot but the cost is moderate. Read the nolo press books, etc.
Since they asked for 20k, I have real doubts they made a good business calculation. Especially if they note that "PayPal and Amazon take their portions" - I'm pretty sure that Kickstarter tells you to adjust for that.
Had they received only the 20k that they asked for, they would now (adjusting for less money necessary for rewards etc.) be left with almost no money at all. That's simply not good business calculation.
$30,000 can take you a long way. I stretched $5000 for 6 months producing a game, living like a peasant (in California, no less). These people just spent their money foolishly on a number of items. Salary is number one, whatever you have left after that can be used for other stuff. Why they did not budget salary first, I have no freaking idea. What is annoying is that it gives Kickstarter projects a bad rep, when there are those (such as myself) looking to use Kickstarter for legitimate/better thought-out purposes.
And for the record, I looked forward to this game in particular, even tried to donate money to them outside of kickstarter...
My opinion is that it is kind of a scam. If they can pull it off, I would love to be proven wrong. But so far all they have is a no-name development team that does not even have a website, and it looks like they just used a prefab engine like Unity to produce their demo video.
I've developed with voxels for over 10 years...Marching cubes is nothing new (in fact, I "invented" it on my own without knowing that the algorithm existed) - and how they model the world is the least of their concerns. Making an open world game of any sort is very challenging, and no one has done it that successfully to date (even Minecraft is still more of just a sandbox than a game, although I respect it nonetheless). Not that I would recommend against developing this type of game, it just probably not the first type of thing you want to tackle without sufficient experience (I should know, I've scrapped over 8 engines working on open world games).
Again, I have nothing against the YogCast people, but if they fail miserably it makes raising money for other Kickstarter projects more difficult.
Hey, you're the atomontage guy! I'd give you a couple million if I could :)
Totally agree. There are many examples of developers who seriously underestimated the costs for a full game. With the influx of projects, I believe some kind of vetoing will have to be implemented for projects >50k.
Thanks, I'm not the Atomontage guy though; his name is Branislav Síleš (although I am a supporter of his project :) ). I built an engine called Genesis in 2004-2006, and since then many unpublished projects (latest at gavanw.com).
$50k is actually a good amount for an independent project...if the team could demonstrate that they can make sufficient progress with that type of funding, it could open the doors to more. Although, since Kickstarter takes 5 percent it wants as much funding to come in as possible.
Just wanted to clarify, they are actually using voxels.
The technique used to achieve a smooth voxel world is called Marching Cubes. Although the voxels are cube in nature, the marching cubes algorithm smooths out the appearance of these cubes depending on their proximity to other cubes. This allows for a smooth world, while allowing for dynamic manipulation of the environment.
I don't know these guys. My comment isn't aimed at them at all.
I see a lot of projects on Kickstarter where I find myself immediately questioning the numbers. Having the scars to prove that I've run a business or two I generally have a good sense for costs, process and other elements of typical projects. In so many cases on Kickstarter the numbers are so awfully low that you have to wonder what will happen if the project reaches the stated goal and is funded.
It is very easy to end-up working weeks-upon-weeks for $0.75 per hour and have nothing to show for it but a huge loss at the end of the process.
My recommendation: If you are thinking about posting a project to Kickstarter and don't know much about business (profit, loss, fixed costs, variable costs, development costs, tooling costs, regulatory requirements, etc.) spend a few hundred bucks to get advise from someone who does. I would run your numbers by a CPA and some of the other stuff by, perhaps, an attorney with experience in the field. If it is manufacturing related, there might be regulatory issues (UL, CSA, TUV, CE) that an experienced manufacturing engineer might be able to help you with. Be careful, regulatory testing alone can easily get into the tens of thousands of dollars.
In general, don't post a project to a site like Kickstarter unless and until you have had the financial model for your project verified by those best-qualified to do so.
Ignoring the suspiciously round numbers and the fact that they grossly overpaid for basically everything as an indie dev on a tight budget, here is what they raised money for:
"Hire extra talent for things like music, sound effects and additional platform development like Android
Promote and market to help sell the game and fund future expansions and possible sequels
Localize the game to other regions like Europe and Asia"
Several of the things they spent money on have nothing to do with any of those and thus the money they spent on them should not come from the money they raised on Kickstarter. IMO.
P.S. A business where the successful outcome is the principals end up in personal debt is neither a business nor successful.