It took root in 1919, so I don't think that's actually the issue. The problem is short-term thinking based on financial markets and the ability of corporations to reinvest their capital freely. Regulating stock buybacks and the ability of corporations to invest in markets will cut down on corporate fissure.
Fairly certain he’s referring to Dodge v. Ford Motor Company, where it was established that a company needs to operate in the best interests of shareholders above all else.
Also IIRC there was a case before the Supreme Court where the dispute was whether shareholder value was the sole & supreme goal, or there could be other factors involved from other stakeholders (such as workers, the community, ...).
The Supremes ruled for shareholder value.
However I forget details of ths case. If anyone here happens to know what case I am referring to, please chime in.
I don't know of a case where the Court affirmed shareholder primacy - as far as I am aware it's a state by state thing though since Delaware has it in their code it impacts a massive number of corporations.