In the last 15 to 20 years asynchronous programming --- as a form of cooperative multi-tasking [1] --- did gain lot's of popularity. That was mainly because of non-scalable threads implementations in most language runtimes, e.g. the JVM. At the same time the JS ecosystem needed to have some support for concurrency. Since threads weren't even an option the community settled first on callback-hell and then on async/await. The former reason to asynchronous programming alleged win is currently being reversed. The JVM has introduced light weight threads that have the low runtime cost of asynchronous programming and all the niceties of thread-based concurrency.
[1]: Asynchronous programming is not the only form of cooperative programming. Usually cooperative multi-tasking systems have a special system call yield() which gives up the processor in addition to io induced context-switches.
In .NET and C++ asynchronous programming is not cooperative, it hides the machinery of a state machine mapping tasks into threads, it gets prempted and you can write your own scheduler.
But, isn't the separation of the control-flow into chunks, either separated by async/await or by sepration between call and callback, a form of cooperative thread yielding on top of preemptive threads? If that isn't true for .NET, then I'd really interested to understand what else it is doing.
[1]: Asynchronous programming is not the only form of cooperative programming. Usually cooperative multi-tasking systems have a special system call yield() which gives up the processor in addition to io induced context-switches.