No, Windows has a list of specific "generic device classes" where it will automatically load a generic driver. Mass storage and HID are the primary users of this.
But if it doesn't fall into one of those buckets Windows just doesn't enable the device whatsoever.
As noted in the article macOS and Linux do the opposite. They allow userspace programs to enumerate unknown USB devices and manually communicate with them.
On macOS you open the IOKit device and post/receive messages or use transfer buffers. Only one program can do that at once since the OS doesn't know anything about the protocol, but it works without a driver.
Even if you plug in standard device classes like HID?