If you are not an adherent, how can you be confident it is of the third type?
For me the litmus test goes something like this: “I understand you’re an adherent of X. I read this book about X called… it led me to empathize with practitioners of your faith in ways A, B, C and D. I hope that is mostly correct?” If the respondent is relatively open minded and says “yeah, I think those are fair points. It’s nice to be understood a little better”, then the book passes muster.
As a muslim man, introducing the concept of prophets to a lot of people, including muslims themselves is always an exercise in inducing surprise or even shock.
I think most people like to think of prophets through analogies of modern day or at least a stereotype of monks, saints or ascetics. There is a certain cookie cut stereotype definitions and marking that people think prophets have to fit through. In reality the prophets in Islam have come in all personality and character ranges. From Kings, to shepherds, to warriors, to carpenters. Muhammad was mostly all of this.
A neutral treatment of the subject without bias of course also needs a very similar treatment of the subject from the reader. Any prior bias while reading a subject this complicated, that spawns across millennia, with the prophets with such diverse cultural, linguistic, political etc settings is not likely to be anything like a stereotypical all weather saint life.
Islam, the definition itself, is a strictly monotheistic religion. You worship one god(Allah) alone, and the way you worship that one god is how the prophet(s) asked you to worship. Allah defines what Allah is in various parts of the Quran(eg 2:25, Chapter 112). The worship itself, 5 times a day, fasting during Ramadan, pilgrimage to Mecca, Charity, Animal sacrifice is all to be done for Allah and Allah alone(no partners, or any other extra deity allowed). You are also expected to believe in angels, books sent before, prophets before Muhammad, Day of judgement and divine destiny written by Allah. Like you are actually supposed to believe in them. Which reduces the whole activity to be free of forcing it, or coercing some body to just verbally state them. Above this is the last level, like you worship god like god is in front of you.
There are other laws related to diet, purity and inheritance. In general you are advised to enjoin good and forbid evil. The lives of the prophet(s), therefore serves as a useful guidance in this regard and is called (Sunnah).
In general the Quran is good starting point to learn more Islam. Its like the defining text.
This is like the basic structure. And then of course when you meet muslims you now deal with a community, and like all communities they come with all your shades of human behaviour.
For me the litmus test goes something like this: “I understand you’re an adherent of X. I read this book about X called… it led me to empathize with practitioners of your faith in ways A, B, C and D. I hope that is mostly correct?” If the respondent is relatively open minded and says “yeah, I think those are fair points. It’s nice to be understood a little better”, then the book passes muster.