For your analogy to be more accurate, any store I walk into would have the ability to look at my behavior in every store, essentially in perpetuity, and share/sell that information. Feels like something you should at least have to opt into.
Visa only tracks purchases. Surveillance ad tech can track literally everything your browser is doing. Did you go to Reddit today, what subreddit, what posts, who did you reply to, etc. Or, did you visit a porn site today, or a dissident political site, or a marketplace for abortion drugs that are illegal in your state. There is no meatspace analog; the comparison is absurd.
Visa tracks did you purchase porn, did you buy something from Infowars.com, did you buy abortion pills, etc. That's only one source for data that advertisers use in the physical world. You think that's a big difference?