Scratch seems to be a very popular no-code way of getting kids into programming (games). Prior to that, encouraging your kids to solve new problems and constantly pursue their curiosities is a good way to build the skills / mentality. Divergent thinking (what are the different uses for this thing / what are the different ways to solve this problem) and convergent thinking (what characteristic makes all of these different things alike) are ways to make them comfortable being uncomfortable (refactoring and extricating). Pattern recognition via IQ tests, which are heavy on programming-related patterns (visual XOR, AND, etc.)... and also asking them why the IQ test might be wrong / which other "tile" could be next other than the provided answer.
