\tangent on "system-two counteracting system-one": visualization (imagining a desired outcome as having already happened) engages system-one. It brings a far-future gratification into the present, so you can be motivated far beyond your "natural" motivation. All you need is an outcome that engages your system-one.
Dopamine is significant to the brain's "executive functions" (things having to do with planning, short term memory, ability to direct focus on boring task): https://www.additudemag.com/inside-the-add-mind/
