Yes I know of another OS allowing this: The browser. If I rename a file in google drive it's just an input field, and spellcheck works there like in any other input field.
> If I rename a file in google drive it's just an input field
You still have to right-click on it, then select from the list, then click again. You cannot bind any keyboard key for that specific action, you cannot replace it with a spellcheck engine you like, you can't search and replace multiple things based on regexp, no multiple cursors, no vim-like navigation, you can't change things in nested dirs without going inside, etc., etc.
What's the point of your comment here, I honestly don't understand. It's as if we were discussing femtosecond laser (or plasma blade) capsulotomies (eye surgeries), and you'd be like "one French fella invented a method for this shit sometime in 18th century using nothing but a sharp blade..."