Small claims court is pretty good if it’s available to you and most disputes probably fit within the limits. These courts deal with corporate malfeasance quite a bit so they’ve likely seen it before. They’ll often penalize the offending company with 2x+ damages and if the company still won’t pay you can get a bailiff to come with you to go impounding assets. They use fire sale prices to offset the debt so it costs the company way more to let you walk off with assets than it does to cut you a check. So usually by that stage they relent and pay you your judgement.
You can literally claim 'breach of contract' and force them to perform under the contract. Stripe can stop further processing under the contract by all past actions until their notice of termination is going to be under the contractual terms as prior agreed upon.