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Once an open sewer, New York Harbor now teems with life (nytimes.com)
187 points by Amorymeltzer on Jan 3, 2023 | hide | past | favorite | 105 comments




I live on a river, and have lived near this river my whole life.

This is the same story across the US. In 2012 when I took up fishing, I had a fellow tell me he had not seen a smallmouth bass caught out of the river in 30 years! Now it is trivial. Hard not to catch one.

Just in the last 5 years the variety of birds showing up has changed. Many bald eagles and other raptors. 100+ strong flocks of pelicans. Pelicans! Apparently inland pelicans were normal 100 years go.


I left in the Chesapeake Bay and it’s the same story. It was never as industrial as New York Harbor, but suffered from tons of run off and other pollution in the 1970s. Now you can see bald eagles fishing in the early morning.


Boston Harbor was a dumping ground in living memory. There were industrial sites along the Charles, which empties into the harbor. Sewage went right into the water. Trash was dumped there. It was toxic.

You can now catch bluefish, see harbor seals, and even spot whales within sight of skyscrapers. https://www.boston.com/news/local-news/2022/08/01/humpback-w...

One of my favorite transformations: Spectacle Island, which doubled in size after being used as a city dump from the 1920s until 1959, is now a national park.

https://www.bostonharborislands.org/spectacle-island/

https://www.nps.gov/places/spectacle-island.htm


> One of my favorite transformations: Spectacle Island, which doubled in size after being used as a city dump from the 1920s until 1959, is now a national park.

Nitpick: it's a National Recreation Area, not a (capital) National Park. I suppose in lowercase it carries a different meaning :-)


The naming scheme used by the National Park Service is so confusing. My only contribution is that "National Park" means funding has been designated via Congress; "National Monument" means designated via the executive branch.


A nice page with all the various NPS designations:

https://www.nps.gov/articles/nps-designations.htm

TIL of National Preserves and National Reserves, which are different....

The parkways are also somewhat odd. I didn't know NPS operated so many miles of urban roadway.


Boston's 'Big Dig' downtown highway deletion project gets a lot of coverage but the history of the Deer Island water treatment plant is just as fascinating -- In my eyes it's substantially more of a contributor to Boston's overall cultural urbanism pivot than the Big Dig.

It's also a lovely place to walk and cycle, with sweeping views of the harbor. No, it doesn't smell.

Fun fact: byproducts from the sewage treatment process are piped across the harbor to Quincy and processed into various industrial chemicals, including pelletized plant fertilizer that is sold to the public under the brand 'Bay State Fertilizer.'


Sewage still goes in the river during heavy rains at the numerous sewage outflows

I think it’s technically a combined sewer system that has both street water and sewage so when it rains, the system gets overloaded.

Fixing the sewer system is a massive project


More info on the MWRA website about Combined Sewer Overflows:

https://www.mwra.com/03sewer/html/sewcso.htm


A lot of this goes back go the Clean Water Act from the early 70s, and how it’s precedent enabled more local laws and bodies to focus on water quality (like the Delaware River Basin Commission near me protecting the Delaware River watershed).

These laws and orgs can be overly bureaucratic, and need constant monitoring to make sure they don’t halt all progress in a given area, but it is a vast improvement to earlier times when the government cares not a whit about water quality. We have the same story here on the Delaware - a river you would not want to dip a single toe into 20 years ago is now beautiful, serves as drinking water to millions, and supports all sorts of hunting, fishing and tourism industries.


The Billion Oyster Project [1] has great educational and volunteer opportunities. Their annual fundraiser in New York is also bomb (if you like to eat oysters).

[1] https://www.billionoysterproject.org/


Are you implying this is a volunteer opportunity where people restore the oyster population. while also simultaneously eating... oysters?


Why not? If there's one tried and true way to ensure an animal or plant species survives and thrives despite the damage humanity does to the entire ecosystems, it's to make that animal or plant a food for humans.

The most successful land animals today are... cows, pigs and chicken.

(Compare with horses, which were successful because they were useful... until they weren't anymore, and their population dropped. And yes, this also implies that lab-grown meat is an extinction-level threat for aforementioned farm animals.)


That's only really true for species that we figured out how to farm.

Species which we eat but don't farm we tend to eat to extinction, or near-extinction. Think of the Atlantic cod fish.


> only really true for species that we figured out how to farm

Most oysters we eat are farmed. And you need the old shells as a substrate to grow a new oyster bed.


Counter-examples: the passenger pigeon, the moa, and Mauritius blue pigeon are extinct, primarily due to hunting as a food source.

Other human food species are extinct due to a combination of being a human food source and a food source for invasive species introduced by humans (eg, the Domed Rodrigues giant tortoise).

Famously the American buffalo went from 60 million in the late 1700s to 541 a century later. It was a cheap meat, provided cheap leather, and in order to deprive Plains Indians from a food source, the US government decided not to protect it earlier.

Then there's the collapse of many marine species due to overfishing, most recently the king and snow crab population collapse which canceled the season in Alaska, and the continuing question of the role humans played in the Quaternary extinction event.

Therefore, I suspect your claim isn't so clear-cut.


> the US government decided not to protect it earlier

The US government actively supported exterminating bison, for that reason. That included having people shoot them dead from passing trains.


We're both right, though I should have stressed your point for being a better reflection of American intent. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bison_hunting#Discussion_of_bi...


Given the life cows, pigs and chicken have, I'd object to the term successful.

They are being reproduced (not a mistake here, they don't actually fuck/reproduce on their own) a lot that's true, but using the word 'successful' to describe their fate seems a bit too cynical.


FYI my rooster fucks his hens, the bull covers his coos, and well, my horses are gelded so there’s that… you might just be farming wrong.

Pretty much everyone eating well and having a good time.


The US deer population is now 100 times larger than it was a century ago. Fees from hunting brings in billions for conservation and habitat programs.


> this is a volunteer opportunity where people restore the oyster population. while also simultaneously eating... oysters?

Pretty neat, right? Turns out oyster larvae can’t just attach to anything. And one of the best materials for them to take root on is oyster shells. So you fly in oysters from around North America, charge a ticket price, have a good time; and then load the dried shells into chicken-wire crates (volunteers build them), lower them into reefs [1] and then innoculate them with larvae. After a few seasons, the water around the reef becomes clean enough to allow for doing it again. (Oysters are filter feeders. You don’t want to eat ones growing in dirty water.)

[1] https://www.billionoysterproject.org/reefs/


Growing oysters is one of the few farming/aquaculture type operations I can think of that has very POSITIVE externalities on its surrounding ecosystem in terms of improving water quality/flood reactance etc.


Of course! Besides being delicious and nutritious to begin with, it's important to increase familiarity/popularity because amazingly, NIMBY happens to oyster farms, too. Ruins the viewscape, the waterfront landowners say. Even though these farms improve the quality of the water they sit in.

I've eaten many dozens of raw oysters at just about every coast I've ever visited (EU/MX/Gulf of MX, Pacific & Atlantic US), and have never gotten sick. I'm pretty careful with Gulf oysters though.


the very same oysters that digest all the nasty stuff in the river. Has to be a great idea to eat those


I went and looked this up, because it sounded horrible.

from https://www.billionoysterparty.org/oysterfarms

> Oyster farms travel to the Billion Oyster Party from across the country, bringing their unique oysters for you to try — and pair with your favorite beverages.


You don’t eat them until after water quality has improved if it’s that bad. You also test for certain types of bacteria certain times of year depending on location.

The biggest pollution is usually from run off and oysters eat nitrogen and phosphorus. Nitrogen causes algae growth, like red tide, which deals all kinds of havoc to ecosystems.


Its like planting lettuce while eating a salad.


For a sad look at what happens when things go in the opposite direction:

https://bittersoutherner.com/feature/2021/it-runs-downhill-t...

I grew up in this area and it’s very sad to see a place that held an incredible amount of life become a shell of what it once was.


I've visited and fished the Indian River and had no idea. Thank you for sharing, sad as it is to read. The site has some other good reads too.


Every summer, my dad and I used to sail the Intracoastal Waterway from St. Augustine down to Marathon in the Keys (and back) and I’d fish the whole way. Once we took the motor off the boat and sailed into the Banana River No Motor Zone near NASA to spend the night. They were doing a night launch of something and a helicopter flew over us and shined a light on us before the launch. I guess we looked harmless enough!

One of my favorite places was Eau Gallie with the big concrete dragon — which now is long gone as well.

Bitter Southerner is a great site and worth supporting with a membership or one-time donation. I like a lot of their merch too and proudly wear my Yoknapatawpha t-shirt.


That Nixon character sounds so evil. How does one decide to veto the clean water act?


According to this contemporary article he thought it was too expensive and could result in inflation and higher taxes [1]

My take: Arguments never change in politics. I'll never understand why spending lots of money on military or company profits (aka the economy) is always prudent but improving the live of ordinary joe through quite cheap measures needs to be evaluated in great detail to not waste a single cent.

[1] https://www.nytimes.com/1972/10/18/archives/president-vetoes...


One of the really interesting things is how people can personally see the benefits but still repeat those arguments. I have some relatives who are classic Orange County Republicans. They personally remember when the air quality in Los Angeles was so bad that they couldn’t see their neighbors’ houses across the street, and they definitely were around for all of the people arguing that emissions laws were going to destroy California’s economy.

You can have these surreal conversations where they acknowledge that the opposite happened, but any further improvements will definitely destroy the economy. This is especially weird when it comes to fire prevention which is the actual biggest threat to property values where they live.


It's quite sad that people (including me obviously) everywhere tend to be very set in their ways because every once in a while we, as a society, achieve amazing things in some areas due to the circumstances being really bad or because the political machine is focusing elsewhere.

Not every problem can be solved this way (sometimes the 'big discussions' are really needed) but many smaller, more technical issues, can be attacked successfully if there is no immediate political gain.



Should be noted the 1970s were marred with economic turmoil and inflation shocks. This would have been essentially just before the 1973 oil crisis.

The United States in general and New York City in particular wasn't doing too hot in the 1970s. I think it's hard to understate quite how bad things were[1].

[1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQkhD-2cWwY


Hard to overstate.

But they were bad because of irrational choices, not despite them.


> Hard too overstate.

to

> But they were bad because of irrational choices, not despite them.

Eh, I think a lot of the choices were rational given the available information and understanding at the time.


> improving the live of ordinary joe through quite cheap measures needs to be evaluated in great detail to not waste a single cent.

Cost is always what politicians use to avoid having to say they just don't like something for ideological reasons.

A related technique is "Constitutional Concerns".


Well, I guess he was sorta right. Inflation in the 70’s averaged around 8% per year. A big chunk of it was energy prices starting with the Oil embargo.


Poorest people are hardest hit by inflation. The system is rigged from both ends, really. Sometimes it's conscientious to avoid inflation.


Inflation last year wasn’t evenly distributed: it affected things like new cars and fuel especially badly so it affected middle class households more than poor people using transit who’d never been able to lock themselves into a gas-dependent lifestyle or afford inefficient vanity vehicles.

A surprising percentage of these arguments go like that where something is billed as uneconomical because it reduces waste, and the people pushing against it are backed the industries which benefit from that waste.

We shouldn’t be cavalier about inflation but we really have to keep in mind that pollution is often related to highly-profitable externalities which might be the most cheapest option because under true cost is being subsidized by everyone else (for example, reducing emissions has usually correlated with huge reductions in healthcare costs).


Food costs have increased dramatically for a number of people, so the idea that car-free people were largely unaffected doesn’t really play out. While you could blame a lot of this on externalities like an ‘inefficient’ food supply, or people just not being happy enough with beans and rice, the situation is a real challenge for lower income earners.

Also, dismissing cars as ‘vanity’ items is likely not to resonate broadly. While self-branding is a thing, some people just genuinely like the cars they can and aspire to buy. I love the inefficient cars I own, and the vast majority of people who know me have no idea or interest that I own them. If anything, vanity dictates humility in my circles. I also get negative responses on HN for owning ~500hp ICE cars (although my cumulative emissions are lower than ever due to reduced driving.)


> Food costs have increased dramatically for a number of people, so the idea that car-free people were largely unaffected doesn’t really play out.

This not a claim I made. Fuel costs are obviously going to affect most of the economy but note that I said “especially badly” — that’s because many Americans live in areas which were designed only for car travel, and if you live in one of those areas you don’t have a choice about buying a car when your current one dies because you can’t function without one. When cars are selling way above the previous market rates, that means your costs are either unaffected (driving a car with plenty of life left) or massively inflated (when the dealer is telling you it’ll be 18 months unless you’re paying 20% over).

This shows up in other areas but with different outcomes: for example, beef production is dependent on fuel costs. When that goes up, many people will switch to a different protein because there’s almost no cost to doing so. Same underlying problem, completely different level of impact.

> Also, dismissing cars as ‘vanity’ items is likely not to resonate broadly. While self-branding is a thing, some people just genuinely like the cars they can and aspire to buy.

I grew up in Southern California suburbs, you don’t need to explain car culture to me. If you note, however, my comment referred to “inefficient vanity vehicles”. If you really like having a sports car, that’s fine as long as you treat it like a hobby and can afford it (a friend of mine joked that he had a BMW M3 habit and should’ve saved money by switching to illegal drugs).

I was referring to the much larger group of people who make financial stretches to have a late model SUV or luxury sedan because that’s the image they’re aiming for, even if they’re leasing it to make the numbers work at all. If you remember over the summer when the local TV News couldn’t run enough stories about gas prices, notice how it was always some dude putting 20 gallons of premium into a huge truck or SUV. People who are actually poor don’t buy those because everything about them costs more than they can spend, which is why I mentioned that distinction.


I don't think you realize how many people who you'd consider "poor" drive a car including in the periphery of urban areas that are theoretically served by good transit but in practice almost every trip at the periphery comes with an additional bus transfer that adds a ton of time and is a huge drag on your employment prospects, for example the I95 area around Boston or the I495 area around DC.

If you are starting from scratch a personal car is literally the 3rd thing you seek out (shelter and employment are tied for #1) because of the massive freedom it affords you to be more selective in your choices of shelter and employment letting you "level up" from there.

These people who are just on/over the cusp of the transition between those two living standards got kneecapped by inflation (mostly food/fuel initially and then kicked while down by the rent a little later) way harder than the middle class who's got more room to trim fat.


Oh, I’m aware of that - but how many of those people are driving the gas guzzlers I mentioned? Paying a premium for a large vehicle which costs more to operate is a middle class habit.


You mean the same guy who prolonged the Vietnam war for his own political gain? https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/nixon-prolonged-vi...

"Nixon won by just 1 percent of the popular vote. “Once in office he escalated the war into Laos and Cambodia, with the loss of an additional 22,000 American lives, before finally settling for a peace agreement in 1973 that was within grasp in 1968,” says the BBC."

I would say "beyond evil".


That article is pure fantasy.

The South didn't need any help walking away from a peace deal in '68. Hell, they walked away from the peace deal in '72 and only signed because Nixon told them the US was leaving regardless.

And there was no peace deal in '68 with the North. The North wasn't even interested in negotiating until a couple years after Nixon got into office.

And funny how Nixon gets blamed for "prolonging" a war he never started. How about blame JFK and LBJ for starting and escalating it into a massive conflict?


So this investigation, including the tape recordings referenced, are fantasy? https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-21768668

Perhaps it's easier to believe this about Nixon given his other documented crimes. Or you can just browse the transcripts here to get an idea of what he was willing to do and what his motivations were for making decisions. https://www.nixonlibrary.gov/watergate-trial-tapes


It’s pure fantasy.

Yes, Nixon did tell the South that he could get them a better deal if they waited until after the election.

But the idea that the US and North Vietnam were on the verge of a peace deal in ‘68 is just laughable.

And sure Nixon did lots of things wrong, but that doesn’t mean I automatically believe some article that makes a preposterous conclusion.


> Nixon did tell the South that he could get them a better deal if they waited until after the election

So whether a more immediate peace deal was likely or not, he made an effort to postpone it. And he had specific personal reasons for wanting it postponed.

Given the other actions he took for personal gain, why should we believe this was any different?

But at this point, we're way outside HN boundaries. So I'll leave it alone.


> But the idea that the US and North Vietnam were on the verge of a peace deal in ‘68 is just laughable.

North and South Vietnam weren't on the verge of peace, but the US could easily have had peace at any time by withdrawing.


That’s not peace that’s capitulation.


There is more than enough blame to go around.


And then there was the Watergate scandal.

And the letting go of the gold standard (whether this is evil is debatable).


The government of France kind of forced his hand. They were buying up gold at the official price.


> That Nixon character sounds so evil. How does one decide to veto the clean water act?

On the other hand, Nixon created the environmental protection agency.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPA


Because even naming bills has little to do with the content, the text can be superfluous, poor implementation and unworthy tradeoffs

A la Patriot Act and Inflation Reduction Act


While that's true for some bills, it's a strange comment on an article showing how the "Clean Water Act" has apparently been wildly successful cleaning up waterways around New York and causing a huge improvement in the health of these ecosystems and a massive resurgence in marine life...


If the money is right a lot of bad decisions can seem obvious to a certain type of person.


Not sure what displeased him about this law, but last I checked, he was one of the most environment-minded US presidents, famously creating the Environment Protection Agency ?


People have a hard time grappling with people not being uniformly good or bad across all axis.


Jobs baby.

What’s the big deal about 10 feet of poop in the East River? How many chemical workers should lose their livelihood for some oysters? Coastal elites eat oysters, real men eat steak.


That's a strange way to put it. What teems with more life than an open sewer?


If I am not mistaken on my history, the NY sewers were the long time home to the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles


It depends on the sewage. Even bacteria die if there is lots of chemical waste innit, which was the case for a lot of so called open sewers.


It's life Jim, but not as we want it.


Reminds me of a Terry Pratchett quip about looking at the microbes in the drinking water in Ankh Morpork, along the lines of anything that could support that much life had to be healthy


Yeah, the article is good, but that headline had Onion qualities :)


Not all life is equal.


Something similar happened close by my old neighborhood. The river was highly contaminated by close by industry. In the 80s a new initiative started to improve the quality of the river.

Nowadays, there is promenade along the river and it is easy to see many birds around. People goes there to do jogging or cycle. The river is creating as much economic value as natural one.

But it is nor inviting nor healthy to swim in the river, there is much more work to be done.


A river actually catching on fire because of all the pollution was one of the starts of the environmental movement in the 60s.

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/cuyahoga-river-caught...

We’ve come a long way but still more todo.


How much of that is actually due to the Clean Water Act (nation-wide)? Moving industries away to SEA/China/India probably had a bigger impact, now it's their problem.


The gowanus canal is the last great Frontier of pollution to be cleaned.

Rainstorm overflows are being reduced using rainwater gardens also known as "green" infrastructure, basically absorbable surfaces in sidewalk areas.

Probably the biggest solution could have been to better regulate Rainstorm runoff from private properties. But the city did not pass such legislation except for larger properties.


> Probably the biggest solution could have been to better regulate Rainstorm runoff from private properties. But the city did not pass such legislation except for larger properties.

This is a huge gripe of mine. I live in south Queens where the majority of homes are single family detached and so many have had their yards paved to 100% coverage. It infuriates me when I see water pouring down their driveways running into the streets. I don't know why but people seem to prefer hideous barren concrete to life supporting dirt. It pains me when I see a home sold and the property is cleansed vegetation and paved. Looking around my neighborhood on 1940s.nyc is depressing.


Lol, Gowanus canal


It's fantastic to see. Nice that there are success stories like this, and others like the phaseout of leaded gasoline (last country in 2021 for land vehicles, hopefully general aviation soon). It's great that we finally seem to be making progress on PFAS too, but still many more substances to tackle (I hope things like phthalates will be the next ones to be eliminated).


> seem to be making progress on PFAS too

It’s in your dental floss, too. Switch to silk or another natural fiber for flossing.


It’s basically impossible to avoid. Not only is it added to almost everything, it just accumulates and exists in almost everything else.


My recommendation: Tom's of maine's natural floss is pretty good, but it might be a bit too thick for some folks


I can vouch for RADIUS silk unscented (no mint flavor or any other flavor). Even comes in a plastic-free container made only of cardboard and a small metal edge to cut the floss.

It’s on Amazon.




The website does not mention what these toothpicks are made from, but they look like some kind of plastic. They could very well have PFAS coatings - but we simply don't know since there's no information.


Every time I read about PFAS I assume we'll end up like Case in Neuromancer, with extra organelles or organs that filter extra things out because we can't remove it from our environment for a good long while.


> last country in 2021 for land vehicles

Where was this available?



Ohhh, I thought you meant was still in USA.


I can still buy 110 octane leaded racing gas at the pump in Washington State, USA. It's illegal to dispense into a vehicle, you have to pump it into a jerrycan.

https://vpracingfuels.com/product/vp-110/


*It would be fantastic to see.

Had the TFA included a couple of actual photos instead of clipart illustrations.


The filth, garbage, and trash on the streets of NYC in the 70s matched the filth in the harbor. Congrats on a great cleanup on both land and sea!


A shame no photos were included


Here's one from this past summer with photos of dolphins. Unbelievable (in a good way)

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/11/science/dolphins-new-york...



Melbourne is on Port Phillip Bay, nearly 2000 square kilometers in size.

The government banned commercial net fishing in 2015, so the bay is now only for recreational fishing.

I understand it had revived the ecosystem.

https://amp.theage.com.au/national/victoria/bay-of-plenty-po...



Reminds me of The Great Stink of 1858

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Stink


The subject of a great episode of In Our Time just a few weeks ago.


Presumably they mean "multicellular life". Or "wildlife". As distinct from toxic and anaerobic microbes.


Open sewers teem with life, too. That's rather the problem: They have plenty of infectious life.


Don’t open sewers also teem with life?


Technically, sewers also teem with life, just a different kind.


> At its worst, 10 feet of raw human waste blanketed portions of the harbor bottom, and certain reaches held little or no oxygen to sustain the life of its fishery.

There is anaerobic life but much less of it there aerobic life. So it seems fair to argue that it wasn’t teeming at all.




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