1) separation of subcellular organelle (DNA/RNA)
2) extract solutions in biological fluids from aqueous to organic solvents
3) seperate lipid components
4) pelleting of ribosomes
5) pelleting of macromolecules
Centrifuges are used for separation. An ultra is usually used for separating nominally-stable colloids (such as fine nanoparticle colloids), and miscible liquids where such high centrifugal force causes them to density separate.