The British were able to fly bombers from tremendously far away, with a chain re-fuel strategy where the re-fuelling tanker planes are themselves re-fuelled by other tankers which then turn back. Later iterations were optimised by thinking more carefully about who should transfer fuel, to who, and when, as in this example.
Arguably Black Buck was pointless, it was certainly not pivotal in the outcome of the war, but the actual process was fascinating.
