- Is sweetened coffee also adding creamer? I don't know of many people who take coffee with sugar but no cream. They usually go together.
- Were coffee preparation methods at all considered? I don't know if everyone in the trial was being served the same coffee or if respondents prepared coffee in whatever manner they liked and just reported how much coffee/how sweet they made it. Different methods may require more or less sweetner, so the guy who takes it black might be e.g. doing a Chemex/pourover, while the guy doing cream and sugar might be going through a standard drip. A third might be doing a French Press. The extractions from those methods will be wildly different.
That's certainly the conclusion I was expecting to read, yet the study found that sweetened coffee drinkers also had a lower mortality rate than the general population (albeit slightly less of an effect than with the unsweetened group).
Yep. Sweeteners have a terrible impact on the body because they produce an insulin response despite not being sugar in your bloodstream needing to be flushed.
> - Were coffee preparation methods at all considered? I don't know if everyone in the trial was being served the same coffee or if respondents prepared coffee in whatever manner they liked and just reported how much coffee/how sweet they made it.
It was not a controlled trial, it's an observational study. They had a few hundred thousand people fill in a questionaire (up to 5 times in different seasons) about their diet (sweetened/unsweetened/type of coffee consumption were only a few of the many questions). They registered the answers and compareed a few years later how many died, with statistical controlls for different observed characteristics between drinkers and non-drinkers.
I do not know if coffee habits in the UK have changed in the past 25 years since I lived there, and I fully expect that they have with the rise of Starbucks and other "gourmet" coffee chains, but a lot of UK coffee consumption was instant coffee granules, at least during the 1980's and 1990's. That would be an interesting piece of data to observe, what kind of coffee were these people drinking? Instant? Ground? Pods?
- Is sweetened coffee also adding creamer? I don't know of many people who take coffee with sugar but no cream. They usually go together.
- Were coffee preparation methods at all considered? I don't know if everyone in the trial was being served the same coffee or if respondents prepared coffee in whatever manner they liked and just reported how much coffee/how sweet they made it. Different methods may require more or less sweetner, so the guy who takes it black might be e.g. doing a Chemex/pourover, while the guy doing cream and sugar might be going through a standard drip. A third might be doing a French Press. The extractions from those methods will be wildly different.