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Except wealth isn't power with Bitcoin. That's the entire point of PoW. PoS is a little different.



Someone buying or selling 5% of all Bitcoin wouldn’t have any impact on its exchange value?


If they made a bad investment and lost that 5% they couldn't ask their friends in the Bitcoin corporation for a bailout.

No politician could write a few lines of code and grant them a one-time issuance of new coins.

No matter what percentage of coins one person, corporation, or government holds they have gained zero control over the network.

Equality of rules, not equality of wealth.


Of course it would, even if a little. It looks like that is typically less than the daily traded volume. But if you added another 5% on top of it surely it would affect prices. But my point is the ability to affect the price a bit doesn't equal power in terms of control over Bitcoin itself.


Large stakers in PoS don't necessarily have more power over governance than large miners in PoW. Some PoS chains have on-chain governance that give special voting power to stakers, but Ethereum's PoS chain for example does not.


Just to make sure I understand correctly, Eth2 stakers have no “voting” power, but are relied upon in a core capacity to ensure the continued functioning of the network?

Something about this explanation seems incomplete.


Yes, that's exactly it. That's also how miners work in PoW. In both cases, they get paid for what they do.


Miners hold enormous political power in Bitcoin.

Users and developers are dependent on miners to create blocks. The negotiating power of miners is self-evident.


Of course with bitcoin wealth is power - you can use your bitcoin to influence people to do what you want, or to give you access to goods and services that people with less bitcoin / wealth can't access.


In PoW you can purchase miners. In PoS you can purchase validators. But PoS is easier than PoW to defend against a 51% attack as the offending validator set can be targeted.


Miners do not have all the power in PoW. Nodes and miners form a symbiotic relationship.

Also it is in a miner's best interest to not disrupt the system as their livelihood and profitability depend on it.


Those arguments can also be made for PoS.


> PoS is easier than PoW to defend against a 51% attack as the offending validator set can be targeted.

Who decides which validators are malicious?


Depending on the type of attack, this defence is either part of the protocol, or can be coordinated by users in the network. Further reading here:

https://vitalik.ca/general/2020/11/06/pos2020.html


> or can be coordinated by users in the network

Phone-a-friend consensus aka “weak subjectivity” doesn’t meaningfully differ from the administration of centralized Git repositories. If your blockchain requires human intervention to resolve disputes, as do all pure proof of stake implementations, you probably never needed a blockchain to begin with.


All blockchains require social coordination. How do you think Bitcoin operates? A protocol is developed and some facet of society decides to build a client to support that. Somebody adds a new BIP and the network of users may decide to coordinate in order to upgraded the protocol (soft or hard fork).


> All blockchains require social coordination. How do you think Bitcoin operates?

That’s a great question, and one Jude C. Nelson — who has a PhD in distributed systems from Princeton — is better equipped to answer [1] than me (or you, probably):

PoW requires less proactive trust and coordination between community members than PoS -- and thus is better able to recover from both liveness and safety failures -- precisely because it both (1) provides a computational method for ranking fork quality, and (2) allows anyone to participate in producing a fork at any time. If the canonical chain is 51%-attacked, and the attack eventually subsides, then the canonical chain can eventually be re-established in-band by honest miners simply continuing to work on the non-attacker chain. In PoS, block-producers have no such protocol -- such a protocol cannot exist because to the rest of the network, it looks like the honest nodes have been slashed for being dishonest. Any recovery procedure necessarily includes block-producers having to go around and convince people out-of-band that they were totally not dishonest, and were slashed due to a "hack" (and, since there's lots of money on the line, who knows if they're being honest about this?).

[1]: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26810619


I haven’t looked through the entire thread but the challenge of recovering from a PoW 51% attack is that the attacker still holds ASIC mining power and can re-attack each new fork. The same is not true in PoS where the attacker’s funds can be targeted and effectively depleted in a fork, leaving it prohibitively expensive for the attacker to continually attack each new fork.

See the “spawn camping” description and defence in my prior link.




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