They allow you to spend much less time thinking about resource constraints and/or performance optimization and just focus on what you're trying to get done and/or do more than would be possible with conventional systems. Workstations let you buy your way past many limitations.
The closest example today would be people like developers, AI researchers, 3D designers and video editors buying high-end video cards (quite possibly multiple) running in Threadripper systems. They're paying up for GPU power and huge amounts of cores/RAM/IO bandwidth/whatever to either do something that isn't feasible on a lower end system or to complete their work much more quickly.
This is correct. I do video and 3D with a Threadripper 3990X with 128GB RAM and a 3090 because I don't want to even think about computational restraints. It is overkill for 95% of my work but, that other 5% where I am rendering something arduous, it pays off.
The closest example today would be people like developers, AI researchers, 3D designers and video editors buying high-end video cards (quite possibly multiple) running in Threadripper systems. They're paying up for GPU power and huge amounts of cores/RAM/IO bandwidth/whatever to either do something that isn't feasible on a lower end system or to complete their work much more quickly.