Not the same but not totally different. MCU abstraction is simple and more like vintage stuff. So it would closer to an 80s system that executed many routines from memory mapped ROMs -- in addition to system RAM -- with an instruction cache on CPU.
MCUs can have on chip RAM/ROM and off chip [quad] serial RAM/ROM, and even parallel access RAM/ROM like FRAM. Several ways to skin the cat. Or cut the pie, as it were.
