It is common for up to mid-level jobs in finance and consulting to require doing on-the-fly modelling and analysis in Excel. I am pretty sure things like structural, mechanical, or chemical engineering also have substantial technical components to their interviews. While it is not done directly by the employer, board certification for doctors entails 8 hour long tests. Similarly, tradesmen like plumbers and electricians require in-depth written and practical tests for licensure. You can definitely dispute the practicality of these for the job vs. leetcode, but I really don't think that the rest of the world is getting jobs with a resume and a firm handshake.
